Building information modeling (BIM) platforms to enhance design and construction processes have been rising recently, with BIM-based tools such as Autodesk Revit’s Architecture. The importance of BIM can be mainly seen in reducing energy consumption by at least 30%, leading to a huge cut in carbon dioxide, and saving the environment. BIM helps engineers and contractors to use less material for better benefits for stakeholders, including organizations, governmental offices, and businesses. This study investigates the reliability and validity of a constructed questionnaire to pre-determine the applications relevant to a questionnaire to be used in a large-scale study. The literature has highlighted the connection between BIM and energy-driven retrofits. However, the application of BIM to the retrofitting of existing structures confronts obstacles, which may be attributable to the multidisciplinary character of information sharing, the timeliness of communication, and the large number of technology components required to provide an optimal exchange. A pilot study was conducted, identifying the sample size of 30 random respondents out of 167 samples. SPSS was used for estimating the percentages of the demographic attributes for the respondents, the face validity, internal-consistency validity, the validation of all contracts, and Pearson’s correlation. The results show that engineers constitute 46%, project managers (20%), contractors (17%), and the rest (approximately 17%) are divided among other professionals. The validity of internal consistency ranges from 0.791 to 0.912, which reflects perfect consistency. The internal consistency of each part was recorded at 0.942 (energy), 0.957 (strategies), and 0.979 (framework). The validation for the energy part ranges from 0.610 to 0.912; for strategies (0.451 to 0.884,) and for the framework (0.681 to 0.884). Pearson’s correlation for all 17 questions showed a minimum value of 0.464, while the maximum value was 0.890. The results show that all questionnaire elements were successfully validated with a Cronbach alpha factor mainly higher than 0.6—the threshold accepted by most researchers. Hence, the work on the broader scale of testing and analysis could proceed.

This review targets the BIM interface, the BIM multi-model approach, and the role of employing algorithms in BIM optimization to introduce the need for automation in the BIM technique, instead of complicating manual procedures in order to reduce possible errors. The challenge with adopting BIM lies in the limiting ability of computer-aided design (CAD) to generate a read-able and straightforward Revit by BIM, requiring the homogeneous data format to be generalized better and maintain a super data mod. Furthermore, the communication and management inter-face (CMI) faces some shortcomings due to limitations in its ability to recognize the role of the interface during the project construction phase. This review demonstrates several proposals to simplify the interface, in order to facilitate better communication amongst participants. The industry foundation class (IFC) model requires a new technique to unlock the potential future of intelligent buildings using the BIM multi-model approach integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT). Trials conducted to enhance the BIM model lack advanced methods for optimizing cost, energy consumption, labor, material movement, and the size of layout of the project, by utilizing heuristic, metaheuristic, and k-mean algorithms. The enhancement of BIM could involve algorithms to achieve better productivity, safety, cost, time, and construction frameworks. The review shows that some gaps and limitations still exist, especially considering the potential link between BIM and building management system (BMS) and the level of influence of the BIM-IoT prototype. Future work should find the best approach to solve facility management within the dynamic model, which is still under investigation.