The spider Trichonephila antipodiana (Araneidae), commonly known as the batik golden web spider, preys on arthropods with body sizes ranging from ∼2 mm in length to insects larger than itself (>20‒50 mm), indicating its polyphagy and strong dietary detoxification abilities. Although it has been reported that an ancient whole-genome duplication event occurred in spiders, lack of a high-quality genome has limited characterization of this event. We present a chromosome‐level T. antipodiana genome constructed on the basis of PacBio and Hi-C sequencing. The assembled genome is 2.29 Gb in size with a scaffold N50 of 172.89 Mb. Hi‐C scaffolding assigned 98.5% of the bases to 13 pseudo-chromosomes, and BUSCO completeness analysis revealed that the assembly included 94.8% of the complete arthropod universal single-copy orthologs (n = 1,066). Repetitive elements account for 59.21% of the genome. We predicted 19,001 protein-coding genes, of which 96.78% were supported by transcriptome-based evidence and 96.32% matched protein records in the UniProt database. The genome also shows substantial expansions in several detoxification-associated gene families, including cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione-S-transferases, and ATP-binding cassette transporters, reflecting the possible genomic basis of polyphagy. Further analysis of the T. antipodiana genome architecture reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication event, based on 2 lines of evidence: (i) large-scale duplications from inter-chromosome synteny analysis and (ii) duplicated clusters of Hox genes. The high-quality T. antipodiana genome represents a valuable resource for spider research and provides insights into this species’ adaptation to the environment.

Three new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007, T. cangshan Tong, Yang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂), T. wumanshan Tong, Yang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂), and T. xiaoheishan Tong, Yang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂♀) are described from Yunnan, China. Descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs are provided.

The further collection and study of Chinese wolf spiders, family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833, expand the known distribution of the subfamily Artoriinae Framenau, 2007 from Yunnan to Guangxi, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces of South China. Sinartoria gen. nov. is described to include two new species, S. damingshanensis sp. nov. (type species) and S. zhuangius sp. nov. In addition, a new Artoria species, A. hamata sp. nov. is described and new distribution records for A. ligulacea (Qu, Peng & Yin, 2009) and A. parvula Thorell, 1877 are provided. Within the Artoriinae, Sinartoria gen. nov. appears to be most similar to the South American Lobizon Piacentini & Grismado, 2009, but their relationship will remain contentious without a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of artoriine genera.

The process of natural silk production in the spider major ampullate (Ma) gland endows dragline silk with extraordinary mechanical properties and the potential for biomimetic applications. However, the precise genetic roles of the Ma gland during this process remain unknown. Here, we performed a systematic molecular atlas of dragline silk production through a high-quality genome assembly for the golden orb-weaving spider Trichonephila clavata and a multiomics approach to defining the Ma gland tri-sectional architecture: Tail, Sac, and Duct. We uncovered a hierarchical biosynthesis of spidroins, organic acids, lipids, and chitin in the sectionalized Ma gland dedicated to fine silk constitution. The ordered secretion of spidroins was achieved by the synergetic regulation of epigenetic and ceRNA signatures for genomic group-distributed spidroin genes. Single-cellular and spatial RNA profiling identified ten cell types with partitioned functional division determining the tri-sectional organization of the Ma gland. Convergence analysis and genetic manipulation further validated that this tri-sectional architecture of the silk gland was analogous across Arthropoda and inextricably linked with silk formation. Collectively, our study provides multidimensional data that significantly expand the knowledge of spider dragline silk generation and ultimately benefit innovation in spider-inspired fibers.

An extensive survey of Linyphiidae spiders from Wulipo National Nature Reserve (NNR), Chongqing has been conducted, in which 24 species belonging to 16 genera are recorded including two new genera and eight new species described here as: Agyneta Hull, 1911, A. orthogonia sp. nov. (♂♀); Dicristatus gen. nov., D. minutus gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀); Dicymbium Menge, 1868, D. pingqianense sp. nov. (♂♀); Himalaphantes Tanasevitch, 1992, H. azumiensis (Oi, 1979) (♂♀); Indophantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2003, I. wushanensis sp. nov. (♂♀); Ketambea Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, K. nigripectoris (Oi, 1960) (♂♀); Molestia Tu, Saaristo & Li, 2006, M. pollicaris sp. nov. (♂♀); Neriene Blackwall, 1833, N. calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989 (♀), N. cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) (♂♀), N. emphana (Walckenaer, 1841) (♂♀), N. japonica (Oi, 1960) (♂♀), N. limbatinella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (♀), N. longipedella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (♂♀), N. oidedicata van Helsdingen, 1969 (♀); Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, P. sinense (Chen, 1991) (♂♀); Ryojius Saito & Ono, 2001, R. simplex sp. nov. (♂♀); Stemonyphantes Menge, 1866, S. bifurcus sp. nov. (♂); Syedra Simon, 1884, S. oii Saito, 1983; Tapinopa Westring, 1851, T. guttata Komatsu, 1937 (♀); Tenuiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996, T. ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) (♂♀); Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833, Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 (♂♀); Wuliphantes gen. nov., W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀). Male of Tenuiphantes ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) is described here for the first time as new to science. The taxonomic status of Bathyphantes guanshan Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022 and Bathyphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) is revised and proposed here as: Wuliphantes tongluensis (Chen& Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀) and Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), respectively. Morphological descriptions, photos of body and copulatory organs, as well as the locality map are provided.

An extensive survey of Linyphiidae spiders during 1988–2006 in the Gaoligong Mountains and the adjacent areas of Yunnan Province revealed 110 species belonging to 53 genera, including seven new genera and 76 new species: Absconditus gen. nov., Absconditus acerus sp. nov. (♂♀); Amfractus gen. nov., A. dentefaberis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Bathyphantes Blackwall, 1859, A. acutala sp. nov. (♂♀); A. thailandica Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 (♀); Auricula gen. nov., A. aeda sp. nov. (♂♀), A. rutunda sp. nov. (♀), A. sanchaheensis sp. nov. (♀), A. triangulara sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Bathyphantes Blackwall, 1859, B. ansulis sp. nov. (♂♀), B. gracilis (Blackwall, 1841) (♂), B. longiscapus sp. nov. (♂♀), B. magnis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Bolyphantes C. L. Koch, 1837, B. lishadiensis sp. nov. (♀), B. lushuiensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Capsulia Saaristo, Tu & Li, 2006, C. tianmushana (Chen & Song, 1987) (♂♀); Genus Caviphantes Oi, 1960, C. catomidius sp. nov. (♂♀), C. pseudosaxetorum Wunderlich, 1979 (♀); Genus Ceratinella Emerton, 1882, C. acutalum sp. nov. (♂); Genus Cirrosus Zhao & Li, 2014, C. atrocaudatus Zhao & Li, 2014 (♀); Genus Collinsia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1913, C. denticulata sp. nov. (♂♀), C. inerrans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) (♂♀); Genus Conglin Zhao & Li, 2014, C. personatus Zhao and Li, 2014 (♀); Cristatus gen. nov., C. anfractus sp. nov. (♂♀), C. makuensis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Curtimeticus Zhao & Li, 2014, C. rutundus sp. nov. (♀); Genus Erigone Audouin, 1826, E. ansula sp. nov. (♂♀), E. atra Blackwall, 1833 (♂♀), E. prominens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (♂♀), E. sinensis Schenkel, 1936 (♂♀); Genus Frontinellina van Helsdingen, 1969 (new to China), F. gemalakaensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Gnathonarium Karsch, 1881, G. dentatum (Wider, 1834) (♂♀), G. gibberum Oi, 1960 (♂♀), G. taczanowskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) (♀); Genus Gongylidiellum Simon, 1884, G. acerosus sp. nov. (♂); Genus Gongylidioides Oi, 1960, G. laqueus sp. nov. (♀), G. lingulatus sp. nov. (♀); Genus Gongylidium Menge, 1868, G. bifurcatus sp. nov. (♂♀), G. manibus sp. nov. (♂); Gracilentus gen. nov., G. denticulatus sp. nov. (♂♀), G. serratus sp. nov. (♀), G. tenchongensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Himalaphantes Tanasevitch, 1992, H. aduncus sp. nov. (♂♀), H. azumiensis (Oi, 1979) (♂♀), H. auriculus sp. nov. (♀), H. fugongensis sp. nov. (♀), H. gyratus sp. nov. (♀), H. pseudoaduncus sp. nov. (♂), H. pulae sp. nov. (♀); Genus Houshenzinus Tanasevitch, 2006, H. tengchongensis Irfan & Peng, 2018 (♂♀) (male new to science); Genus Hylyphantes Simon, 1884, H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830) (♂♀), H. spirellus Tu & Li, 2005 (♂); Genus Ketambea Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, K. acuta Tanasevitch, 2017 (♂♀), K. aseptifera sp. nov. (♀), K. falcata sp. nov. (♀), K. septifera sp. nov. (♀); Genus Laogone Tanasevitch, 2014, L. lunata Zhao & Li, 2014 (♂♀); Genus Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866, L. cordis sp. nov. (♂♀), L. serratus sp. nov. (♂); Genus Linyphia Latreille, 1804, L. gaoshidongensis sp. nov. (♀), L. pengdangensis sp. nov. (♀), L. triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (♀); Lutosus gen. nov., L. projectis sp. nov. (♂); Genus Megalepthyphantes Wunderlich, 1994, M. gongshanensis sp. nov. (♂♀), M. sanchaheensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Mermessus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899, M. datangensis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Microlinyphia Gerhardt, 1928, M. pusilla (Sundevall, 1830) (♂♀), M. rehaiensis sp. nov. (♀), M. spirala sp. nov. (♀); Genus Molestia Tu, Saaristo & Li, 2006, M. ancorarius sp. nov. (♀), M. caudatus sp. nov. (♂♀), M. hamifer (Simon, 1884) comb. nov. (♂♀), M. yaojiapingensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Mughiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1999, M. latus sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Nasoona Locket, 1982, N. crucifera (Thorell, 1895) (♀); Genus Nasoonaria Wunderlich & Song, 1995, N. orthogonia sp. nov. (♂♀), N. sinensis Wunderlich & Song, 1995 (♂♀), N. yunnanensis (Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & kim, 2001) comb. nov.; Genus Nematogmus Simon, 1884, N. cikaiensis sp. nov. (♀), N. lushuiensis sp. nov. (♀), N.membranifer Song & Li, 2008 (♂♀); Genus Nippononeta Eskov, 1992, N. coreana (Paik, 1991) (♂♀); Genus Oia Wunderlich, 1973, O. ceratinum sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Paikiniana Eskov, 1992, P. lurida (♂♀); Genus Parameioneta Locket, 1982, P. bilobata Li & Zhu, 1993 (♂♀), P. tricolorata Zhao & Li, 2014 (♀); Genus Porrhomma Simon, 1884, P. longjiangense Zhu & Wang, 1983 (♀); Genus Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, P. bangbieensis sp. nov. (♀), P. corneus sp. nov. (♀), P. guanduensis sp. nov. (♀), P. longiprojectus sp. nov. (♂♀), P. longyangensis sp. nov. (♀), P. minutus sp. nov. (♂♀), P. pianmaensis sp. nov. (♀), P. sinensis (Chen, 1991) (♂♀), P. yakouensis sp. nov. (♀), P. yani sp. nov. (♀), P. yapingensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. yunnanensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Ryojius Saito & Ono, 2001, R. furcatus sp. nov. (♂♀); Sinisterigone gen. nov., S. circularis sp. nov. (♂♀), S. incurvatis sp. nov. (♀), S. rutundis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Stemonyphantes Menge, 1866, S. bifurcatus sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus TaibaishanusTanasevitch, 2006, T. nankangensis sp. nov. (♂); Genus Tapinopa Westring, 1851, T....