This review aims to update the knowledge of the epidemiology of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in Indonesia and Southeast Asia and provide a perspective on the control options for BVDV in the Indonesian cattle population in the future. Studies on BVDV in Indonesia, since its first report in that country, and the updated beef and dairy cattle industries are reviewed. In ten of 34 provinces, BVDV is endemic. The subgenotypes of BVDV-1a and BVDV-1c are predominant in Indonesian cattle. However, BVDV is currently not a priority disease to control in Indonesia. Cattle imports from Australia appear to be potentially the most significant source of transmission of BVDV into native cattle, but the control of BVDV conducted in the local quarantine facilities is currently not achieving the aim of controlling BVDV; thus, complementary measures are needed. With the small-scale nature of the vast majority of cattle breeding in the country, the control of BVDV in provinces in which cattle breeding is economically essential may need to be organised by regional and provincial governments. Gaps in our knowledge of BVDV are identified in this review, and strategies for the control of BVDV in Indonesia are discussed.

One of the impacts of foot and mouth disease (FMD) on the dairy farming sector is decreasing the quantity and quality of milk production. This study aimed to determine the impact of FMD by observing the productivity and quality of fresh milk during FMD outbreaks. Sampling was performed to obtain productivity data before and during the FMD outbreak using the cluster sampling method in five areas in KUD Kertajaya, Kediri, Indonesia. The lactoscan test was used to analyze the quality of fresh milk from 50 positive samples. Based on the statistical analysis using the paired parametric T-test, it was reported that there was a significant difference in milk productivity before and during the FMD outbreak (p < 0,05). The results of the Lactoscan test on 50 positive samples showed an average fat content of 4,43%, solid nonfat (SNF) content of 8,54%, specific gravity of 1,028, lactose content of 4,67%, total solids content of 12,97%, added water content of 1,44 and freezing point of -0,54°C. In conclusion, the milk of dairy cows during the FMD outbreak often displayed a quality value of milk that met SNI requirements, despite the fact that there was a major decline in productivity.

Background and Aim: Cattle are an important economic asset for the rural community in East Java Province, Indonesia. The study aimed to provide updated data of cattle farm demography, productivity, as well as the role of the absence of a bull and nematodiosis in reduced productivity of beef cattle in an upland rural area of the province. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Sukowono village, Bondowoso region. A Census survey was conducted to collect data through interviews with farmers. Further, 102 fecal samples were taken systematically and processed using a double centrifugation method to investigate the endoparasitic nematodiosis in the cattle population. The demographic data, productivity, and nematodiosis were analyzed descriptively. The difference between proportions was analyzed using Chi-square with 95% confidence limit. The associations were described in risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The total cattle population was 814 heads; the range of farm size was 1-7 (median: 2) cattle. Female cattle comprised 81.8% (666/814) of the cattle population but, only 5.5% (23/422) farmers kept both bull and mature female cattle. Pregnancy rate was 26.8% (145/542) of mature female cattle. The delayed first calving time appeared in 24.8% (62/250) of heifers and calving interval of >14 months occurred in 83.2% (149/179) of multiparous cows. The prevalence of endoparasitic nematodiosis was 43.1% (44/102, 95%, CI: 38.1-52.1%). Either the absence of the bull or the nematodiosis did not associate with pregnancy rate or calving interval of cows. Conclusion: This study indicates that the productivity of the cattle in the study area was low but may not associate with the absence of a bull or nematodiosis.