Aim of study: This study was conducted to determine the usability of some clonal rootstocks of apple (MM 106 and MM 111), pear (Fox 11), and quince (Quince A) for hawthorn trees propagation. Area of study: Fruit Research Institute, Isparta and Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye. Material and methods: ‘Sultan’ hawthorn cultivar was budded on the following clonal rootstocks: pear Fox 11, quince A, and apple MM 106 and MM 111. Plants of hawthorn seedlings (Crataegus azarolus L.) budded with ‘Sultan’ cv. were used as control. External visual diagnosis of the scion-rootstock graft combinations was performed by observing visual symptoms in budded trees growing in nursery conditions, as well as anatomic and histological investigations of the incompatibility in the laboratory. Main results: In this study, healthy scion development and callus tissue in the graft region were formed in the seedling rootstock as well as on Fox11 and Quince A clonal rootstocks. In contrast, MM 106 and MM 111 apple rootstocks showed incompatibility symptoms, with insufficient scion vigor and unstructured callus tissue development. Research highlights: ‘Tanslocated’ and ‘located’ graft incompatibility symptoms were observed in Sultan/MM 106 and Sultan/MM 111 combinations. Further studies are necessary to confirm the early good compatibility found in nursery conditions, testing the effect of those clonal rootstocks from different species (Fox11 and Quince A) on vigor, yield, and fruit quality traits in orchard conditions.

En tr Sweet cherry production areas have been increasing in last years and rootstocks which have different growing characteristic are being used. Therefore, responses of new and present rootstocks to water stress must be determined. For this purpose, one year old 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry variety grafted on Mahaleb (Prunus mahalep L.), Mazzard (Prunus avium L.), Ma x Ma 14 (Prunus mahalep L. x Prunus avium L.), CAB 6 (Prunus cerasus L.) ve Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus x P. canescens L.) rootstocks were used in this study. This study was conducted at Fruit Research Station, Eğirdir, Isparta-Turkey. The trees were planted into 50-liter pots with 1:2:1:0.5 ratio including sandloam soil:peat:manure. During the experiment, four different drought level were applied to all variety/rootstocks combinations (D₁: the soil was fully irrigated to reach field capacity in each irrigation, D₂, D₃ and D₄ treatments; the irrigation levels were changed by giving %75, %50 and %25 of irrigation water applied to D₁ treatment). Trunk cross sectional area, shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf area growth were affected negatively depending to stress level intensity. The highest decreasing for leaf area and stomatal density were determined in nurseries grafted on CAB 6 and Gisela 6 rootstocks. According to the degree of resistance to water stress, the rootstocks are ranked as Mahalep, Mazzard, Ma x Ma 14, Gisela 6 and CAB 6. If clonal rootstock are used for sweet cherry growing areas where water resources are scarce Ma x Ma 14 rootstocks can be recommended to sweet cherry growers. Son yıllarda kiraz üretim alanlarını artmış ve farklı gelişim özelliklerine sahip anaçlar da kullanılmaya başlanılmıştır. Bu durumda mevcut ve yeni anaçların su stresine karşı gösterdiği tepkilerin belirlenmesine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu amaçla yürütülen bu çalışmada Mahlep (Prunus mahalep L.), Kuş kirazı (Prunus avium L.), MaxMa 14 (Prunus mahalep L. x Prunus avium L.), CAB 6 (Prunus cerasus L.) ve Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus x P. Canescens L.) anaçları üzerine aşılı 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidi 1 yaşlı fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Deneme Eğirdir Meyvecilik Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğünde yürütülmüştür. Fidanlar, içerisinde 1:2:1:0.5 oranlarında kum:tınlı toprak:torf:çiftlik gübresi harcı bulunan 50 litre hacimli saksılara dikilmiştir. Denemede tüm anaç/çeşit kombinasyonları için 4 farklı kuraklık düzeyi uygulaması (1. uygulama: her sulamada toprak neminin tarla kapasitesine kadar tamamlandığı konu ve 1. uygulamaya verilen suyun %75, %50 ve %25’inin uygulandığı 2., 3. ve 4. uygulamalar) yer almıştır. Gövde kesit alanı, sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün çapı ve yaprak alanı gelişimleri stres düzeylerinin yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Yaprak alanı ve stoma yoğunluğunda en yüksek azalma CAB 6 ve Gisela 6 anaçlı fidanlarda belirlenmiştir. 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin aşılı olduğu anaçlarda su stresine dayanıklılık bakımından sıralama Mahlep, Kuş kirazı, Maxma 14, Gisela 6, CAB 6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Su kaynaklarının yetersiz olabileceği dikkate alınacak koşullarda klon anaç kullanılacaksa Maxma 14 anacı üreticilere tavsiye edilebilir.

In this study, the aim was to determine some morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in non-grafted plants of OHxF 97, OHxF 333, Fox 11, and BA 29 rootstocks under NaCl stress. NaCl (0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM, and 80 mM) was applied to the rootstocks planted in 18-liter pots with irrigation water repeated over two years. Under NaCl stress, plant height, plant diameter, and leaf area decreased in all rootstocks. Additionally, Fox 11 and BA 29 rootstocks were more adversely affected by NaCl stress to leaf necrosis. The amounts of chl a, chl b, and total chl decreased in Fox 11 rootstock with moderate and severe stress treatments. Carotenoid content in the leaves, especially under severe stress conditions, showed a decrease in Pyrus rootstocks. Under NaCl stress, the leaves of Fox 11 were rich in proline. MDA content generally increased with NaCl stress compared to the control in Fox 11 and BA 29. Although significant changes in plant nutrients were generally not observed with NaCl, a significant decrease in the amount of K+ in the leaves of Fox 11 was identified. Consequently, Fox 11 and BA 29 rootstocks exhibit sensitivity to NaCl stress, whereas OHxF rootstocks demonstrate greater tolerance.

Salt stress poses a substantial threat to fruit cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. An essential aspect of mitigating this challenge involves understanding the adaptive changes in plants under salinity conditions. In this study, salinity stress (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM) induced in Ankara and Deveci pear varieties grafted onto OH×F 97, OH×F 333, and BA 29 rootstocks. Plant height and diameter, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating the impact of salt stress. Conversely, the salt stress index and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed an increasing trend, highlighting the plant’s defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In our comprehensive evaluation, the Deveci × OH×F 97 demonstrated a higher level of tolerance to sodium chloride stress compared to other combinations. Notably, combinations involving the BA 29, particularly Ankara × BA 29, exhibited more pronounced damage under NaCl stress. An intriguing finding was the announced response of enzymatic antioxidants, where despite a higher increase in SOD activity in the Deveci × OH×F 97, CAT and APX activities were generally higher in the Ankara × BA 29. This suggests the effective operation of enzymatic antioxidants in ameliorating oxidative damage in cells exposed to NaCl stress, irrespective of the overall stress tolerance of the plant, within the Pyrus. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between pear varieties, rootstocks, and NaCl stress, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in orchard management practices to enhance the resilience of pear cultivation in challenging environmental conditions.