To make safe road crossing decisions, the pedestrians need to estimate the distance and speed of oncoming vehicles, in order to make conclusions about the available time gap they need for their road crossing. Since the speed represents combination of distance and time, we focused on pedestrians' ability to estimate the speed of the oncoming vehicles accurately. The aim of this study was to find some characteristics important for the speed mis-estimation tendencies and its values. Seventy participants estimated speed 3920 times in total. Research included three experiments. One vehicle participated in the first experiment, while second and third experiments involved two vehicles, with various combinations of vehicle positions and speeds. Initially it was determined that the pedestrians had tendencies to speed underestimation rather than its overestimation and accurate estimation. When the participants estimated the speed of one vehicle, they were more inclined to underestimation of higher speeds (over 50 km/h). On the other hand, in the situations where the participants estimated the speed of two vehicles, they showed a serious tendency towards underestimation of lower speeds (under 50 km/h) which was completely opposite. The factors such as driving experience, age and gender were identified as statistically important in terms of speed underestimation value. We determined that an increase in task complexity, with introduction of a larger number of vehicles, resulted in more severe speed underestimation. Finally, we identified some of the most risky traffic situations in terms of speed underestimation tendencies showed by our participants.

Service quality in any sector is determined by its users, so their input must be taken into account when evaluating services. This is true for freight transport. However, as transport service quality can only be evaluated after its use and the criteria considered by customers may differ from those deemed relevant by experts, the carrier selection process is very complex. This research was conducted to provide transport service users with a simple decision making mechanism for selecting the optimal freight carrier among multiple alternatives. The model utility was assessed by applying it to a real case and comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm its robustness.

Clearance phase at signalized crosswalks is an important parameter of pedestrians’ safety because it helps them to complete the crossing before the green signal for vehicles. However, there is the issue of pedestrian decision as to whether to cross if they arrive at the crosswalk during the clearance phase, which represents a violation in many countries. Due to the proof that pedestrian violations multiply the risk of traffic accidents, in this study, the tendency of pedestrians to commit violations during the clearance time has been researched. With the aim of proposing the design of the pedestrian traffic lights, which could decrease the frequency of pedestrian violations, the comparison of pedestrians behaviour at crosswalks with and without a countdown timer during the clearance time was made, based on the data collected in the video recording. Chi square independency test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the behaviour of pedestrians during the clearance time, depending on the existence of the timer, as well as the fact that pedestrians behave in a safer manner if there is no clearance time shown on the timer. The total delay rate on the roadway during the red signal, which was the consequence of starting the crossing during the clearance time or subsequent violations, was 1.3 times higher at the crosswalks with the countdown timer. This research was unique because for the first time, two‐phase pedestrian crossings on the roadway with the median refuge island in the sense of clearance time were analysed, in spite of the previous proof that pedestrians are more likely to commit violations during the red signal in that kind of roadway. Another novelty in the research was pedestrians following till the end of crossing, due to the possibility of subsequent violations. With the means of binary logistic regression, different factors which affect pedestrians’ behaviour during the clearance time have been determined and they differ depending on the existence of the timer. At the pedestrian crosswalks with the timer, contributing factors have been determined, such as gender, the number of waiting pedestrians, distractions, arrival time, and age. If there is no timer, the contributing factors are the following: the number of crossing pedestrians, distractions, group, position of pedestrians in relation to the vehicle, the number of traffic lanes, and age. Based on the obtained results, a new design of the pedestrian traffic lights was proposed.

The study investigates the factors influencing pedestrian decisions to commit temporal violations at signalized intersections, with the aim of enhancing urban road safety. To achieve this, an integrated model combining subjective components from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) with relevant external factors was developed and validated. The findings underscore the significance of external factors – such as pedestrian red signal duration, vehicle flow, roadway length, and the presence of a median refuge island – alongside willingness and perceived behavioural control as key predictors of pedestrian behaviour. Intentions, in contrast, showed limited influence, highlighting the dominance of social-reactive pathways over reasoned decision-making in pedestrian violations. The study contributes a novel, comprehensive framework for understanding pedestrian behaviour by integrating psychological and situational predictors, thereby providing valuable insights for the design of safer urban intersections.

Internet of things (IoT) enables the interconnection of the objects that surround us. The implementation of IoT-based technologies has led to great opportunities in technological progress for various aspects of people's lives. Solutions based on the IoT technologies application in the transport sector, which represents one of the most important prerequisites for the overall development of society, are particularly significant. The paper presents application of IoT technologies in the transport sector with the aim of introducing the reading public to current technologies that are applied to improve the transport sector. The application of smart sensors, collection and messaging tools in the transport environment are used like strategic means to improve transportation management. IoT technologies make it possible to avoid crowds, find parking spaces faster and reduce travel times. Also, the demands of users in the logistics chain are increasing, so accordingly, the application of IoT in smart cargo transportation, delivery and storage should respond to the rapid changes in customer expectations. There is a great impact of the IoT environment on the public transport system, so new frameworks of the intelligent public transport system are being developed accordingly.

The pedestrians’ behavior and their speed while crossing the road was the subject of interest of the numerous studies in previous years, for a few reasons. In order to improve the pedestrians' safety, better understanding of the pedestrians movement characteristics during roadway crossing is necessary. Also, pedestrians’ crossing speed is the input data for the signalized intersection cycle determination, in term of the pedestrians green cycle duration. Thus, in this paper is performed literature review, some of the influential factors are identified, and previously reported results about pedestrians’ speed differences are compared and detailed discussed.