This paper investigates the deformation mechanism and energy absorption behaviour of 316 L triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures with uniform and graded wall thicknesses fabricated by the selective laser melting technique. The uniform P-surface TPMS structure presents a single-level stress plateau for energy absorption and a localized diagonal shear cell failure. A graded strategy was employed to break such localized geometrical deformation to improve the overall energy absorption and to provide a double-level function. Two segments with different wall thicknesses separated by a barrier layer were designed along the compression direction while keeping the same relative density as the uniform structure. The results show that the crushing of the cells of the graded P-surface TPMS structure occurs first within the thin segment and then propagates to the thick segment. The stress–strain response shows apparent double stress plateaus. The stress level and length of each plateau can be adjusted by changing the wall thickness and position of the barrier layer between the two segments. The total energy absorption of the gradient TPMS structure was also found slightly higher than that of the uniform TPMS counterparts. The gradient design of TPMS structures may find applications where the energy absorption requires a double-level feature or a warning function.

Isothermal annealing of a eutectic dual phase Ni–Mn–Sn–Fe alloy was carried out to encourage grain growth and investigate the effects of grain size of the γ phase on the martensitic transformation behaviour and mechanical properties of the alloy. It is found that with the increase of the annealing time, the grain size and volume fraction of the γ phase both increased with the annealing time predominantly by the inter-diffusion of Fe and Sn elements between the γ phase and the Heusler matrix. The isothermal anneals resulted in the decrease of the e/a ratio and suppression of the martensitic transformation of the matrix phase. The fine γ phase microstructure with an average grain size of 0.31 μm showed higher fracture strength and ductility values by 28% and 77% compared to the coarse-grained counterpart with an average grain size of 3.31 μm. The fine dual phase microstructure shows a quasi-linear superelasticity of 4.2% and very small stress hysteresis during cyclic loading, while the coarse dual phase counterpart presents degraded superelasticity of 2.6% and large stress hysteresis. These findings indicate that grain size refinement of the γ phase is an effective approach in improving the mechanical and transformation properties of dual phase Heusler alloys.

The novelty of the present study is to address the durability of corroded anchors for prestressing CFRP laminates. Two types of steel anchors, clamp anchors and wedge anchors, were used to prestress CFRP laminates and then subjected to steel corrosion through a galvanostatic acceleration approach, which was followed by tensile tests. Compared to clamp anchors, wedge anchors showed a superior durability performance in terms of their prestress retention, anchor efficiency, and resistance to the slippage of the CFRP laminate. After accelerated corrosion for 144 h, the clamp anchor exhibited a prestress retention of 79.1% and an anchorage efficiency of 55%, and the percentages became 9.0% and 100% for the wedge anchor. The slippage rates of the clamp anchor and the wedge anchor were 0.036 mm/kN and 0.026 mm/kN, respectively. Therefore, the wedge anchor, which exhibited higher prestress tension and anchorage efficiency, performed better than the clamp anchor. The present work provides an apparatus for exploring the corrosion-induced durability of steel anchors and experimental evidence that helps refine the provision in the guidelines for addressing anchor durability.

This paper presents an investigation into the ultimate and serviceability behavior of concrete beams strengthened in flexure with basalt-textile-reinforced polymer mortar (BTRM). The bond performance at the interface between the BTRM and concrete was studied by performing single shear tests, and the effectiveness of using an adhesion promoter and impregnated resin for bond enhancement was explored. The results suggested that using an adhesion promoter and impregnated resin can improve the interfacial stress transfer and ensure the tensile failure of the basalt textile in BTRM. Afterward, four-point bending tests were conducted to study the flexural performance of strengthened beams. It was found that the flexural strength of strengthened beams increased with the amount of textile, and the strength increase was more prominent for the strengthened beams with end anchorages. The increase in the failure force was up to 37% for the beam strengthened with five layers of the textile and an end anchorage. The calculated flexural strength exhibited a percentage error of no more than 7% compared to the test results. In addition, the Bischoff-I Equation can closely estimate the effective moment of inertia and provide an accurate prediction of deflection for strengthened beams.