This study aims to understand how self-regulation can improve perceived e-learning outcomes. We build on social cognitive theory to explore the antecedents and consequences of self-regulation. Self-regulation is captured as IT mindfulness and self-regulated learning. The proposed hypotheses are largely supported, showing that self-regulated learning affects perceived e-learning outcomes and is influenced by IT mindfulness and its antecedents, in terms of individual and contextual factors. This study collected questionnaire data from an e-learning system of university (i.e. Zuvio). This system provides both learning and social interaction features. This study provides a systematic analysis of self-regulation, which integrates social cognitive theory and the monitoring and controlling aspect to analyse how e-learners improve outcomes through self-regulation.

Purpose: This study aims to understand how information-sharing in live-streaming is formed through a motivational perspective. The authors provide a framework to explain how live-streaming services and attachment affect viewers' information-sharing decision.Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a survey-based method to collect data and partial least squares to analyze them.Findings: The proposed hypotheses are largely supported. The results show that information-sharing intention is influenced by both attachment to a creator and attachment to a group. These attachments are positively affected by live-streaming services. The findings contribute to live-streaming literature by conceptualizing motivation and motivational feedback as service and attachment respectively.Practical implications: The findings suggest that live-streaming managers emphasize social-technical features and relationship development with others (creators, group members) to motivate viewers' participation in live-streaming.Originality/value: This study addresses the gap of lacking a systematic consideration of motivation in the live-streaming context. As such, the authors conducted empirical research that describes the information-sharing through the motivation from service and feedback from attachment.

Despite the importance of retaining customers in the context of e-shopping, the formation of an e-buyer’s loyalty remains inconclusive. Drawing on e-shopping literature, this study developed and tested a model to explain e-buyer loyalty from the perspective of business-to-consumer relationship management. We build on a dedication-constraint dual model to delineate the relationship between perceived benefits, switching cost, service-specific investment, and loyalty. Empirical results from 505 respondents show that loyalty is influenced by both perceived benefits and switching costs. In addition, switching costs partially mediate the relationship between service-specific investments and loyalty. Implications of these results are discussed.