Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) is one of the most effective high‐throughput sequencing technologies for SNP development and utilization and has been applied to studying the origin and evolution of various species. The domestic Bactrian camels play an important role in economic trade and cultural construction. They are precious species resources and indispensable animals in China's agricultural production. Recently, the rapid development of modern transportation and agriculture, and the deterioration of the environment have led to a sharp decline in the number of camels. Although there have been some reports on the evolution history of the domestic Bactrian camel in China, the origin, evolutionary relationship, and genetic diversity of the camels are unclear due to the limitations of sample size and sequencing technology. Therefore, 47 samples of seven domestic Bactrian camel species from four regions (Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang) were prepared for RAD‐seq analysis to study the evolutionary relationship and genetic diversity. In addition, seven domestic Bactrian camel species are located in different ecological zones, forming different characteristics and having potential development value. A total of 6,487,849 SNPs were genotyped. On the one hand, the filtered SNP information was used to conduct polymorphism mapping construction, LD attenuation analysis, and nucleotide diversity analysis. The results showed that the number of SNPs in Dongjiang camel was the highest, the LD coefficient decayed the fastest, and the nucleotide diversity was the highest. It indicates that Dongjiang camel has the highest genetic diversity. On the other hand, the filtered SNPs information was used to construct the phylogenetic tree, and F_ST analysis, inbreeding coefficient analysis, principal component analysis, and population structure analysis were carried out. The results showed that Nanjiang camel and Beijiang camels grouped together, and the other five Bactrian camel populations gathered into another branch. It may be because the mountains in the northern part of Xinjiang and the desert in the middle isolate the two groups from the other five groups.

A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract from the rhizomes and roots of Smilax scobinicaulis resulted in the isolation of a new isospirostanol-type steroidal saponin, namely (25 R)-5α-spirostan-3β,6β-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with four known steroidal saponins (2–5). The structures of these compounds were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, FABMS and HR–ESI–MS as well as chemical degradation. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against A549, LAC and Hela human cancer cell lines, which demonstrated that only compound 1 possessed significant cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.70, 5.70 and 3.64 µM, respectively.

Antrodia camphorata is a rare and precious traditional food and medicine for improving health-related conditions in Taiwan. The phytochemical research of the mushroom led to the isolation of a new naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, named as 1-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a–trimethyl (1). Meanwhile, seven other known compounds of nerolidol (2), cadinol (3), herbarulide (4), 3β-Hydroxy-5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene (5), ergosta-7,22-diene-3,6-dione (6) 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (7) and β-sitosterol (8) were also obtained from A. camphorata for the first time except compound (8). The new compound was elucidated by 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY) and HRMS while those known compounds deduced by comparing ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR data with other literatures. Then, the hepG2 cell toxicity screening was conducted and the results demonstrated that only compound 7 and 8 exhibited significant toxicity to hepG2 cell at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most prevalent and abundant type of internal post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotic cells. METTL3 is a methylation modifying enzyme, which can directly or indirectly affect biological processes, such as RNA degradation, translation and splicing. In addition, it was found that 67% of 3’-UTR regions containing m⁶A sites had at least one miRNA binding site, and the number of m⁶A at 3’-UTR sites was closely related to the binding sites of miRNA. With the improvement of human living standards, obesity has become a very serious and urgent problem. The essence of obesity is the accumulation of excess fat. Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of adipocyte from the perspective of fat deposition has always been a hotspot in the field of adipocyte research. The aim of the present review is to focus on METTL3 regulating fat deposition through mRNA/adipocyte differentiation axis and pri-miRNA/pre-miRNA/target genes/adipocyte differentiation and to provide a theoretical basis according to the currently available literature for further exploring this association. This review may provide new insights for obesity, fat deposition disease and molecular breeding.

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) regulates fat development in many ways. Low intramuscular fat (IMF) in rabbit meat seriously affects consumption. In order to improve meat quality, we explored the law of IMF deposition. FTO could increase the expression of APMAP and adipocyte differentiation through methylation. However, interference YTHDF2 can partially recover the influence of interference FTO on the APMAP gene and adipocyte differentiation. APMAP promoted the differentiation of adipocytes. Analysis of IMF and APMAP expression showed IMF content is positive with the expression level of the APMAP gene (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Together, FTO can regulate intramuscular fat by targeting the APMAP gene via an m⁶A-YTHDF2-dependent manner in Rex rabbits. The result provides a theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of rabbits.