Hybrid organic–inorganic halides are considered as outstanding materials when used as the absorber layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its efficiency, relieve of fabrication and low‐cost materials. However, the content of lead (Pb) in the material may origin a dramatic after effect on human's health caused by its toxicity. Here, we investigate replacing the lead in MAPbI₃ with tin (Sn) to show its influence on the growth of the film nucleation and stability of the solar device based on MASnI₃. By analysing the manufactured perovskite films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the properties of the thin films when lead is replaced by tin are reported. The simulation run for the case of MAPbI₃ is reported, where V_oc = 0.856 V, J_sc = 25.65 mA cm⁻², FF = 86.09%, and ETA = 18.91%, and for MASnI_3, V_oc = 0.887 V, J_sc = 14.02 mA cm⁻², FF = 83.72%, and ETA = 10.42%. In perovskite‐based devices using MASnI₃ as absorber, it was found to be more stable despite of its lower efficiency, which could be improved by enhancing the bandgap alignment of MaSnI₃. The results of this paper also allow the development of a new, reliable production system for PSCs.

The curing of composite materials is one of the parameters that most affects their mechanical behavior. The inspection methods used do not always allow a correct characterization of the curing state of the thermosetting resins. In this work, Raman spectroscopy technology is used for measuring the degree of cure. The results are compared with conventional thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Carbon fiber specimens manufactured with technologies out of autoclave (OoA) have been used, with an epoxy system Prepreg System, SE 84LV. The results obtained with Raman technology show that it is possible to verify the degree of polymerization, and the information is complementary from classical thermal characterization techniques such as TGA and DSC; thus, it is possible to have greater control in curing and improving the quality of the manufactured parts.

In this work, FAPbI₃ thin films with different antisolvents (toluene, diethyl ether and chlorobenzene) were successfully elaborated by the spin coating technique to study the influence of the different antisolvents in the films. The crystal structure, surface morphology and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) photoluminescence and UV–visible spectrometry. According to XRD, the crystalline structure of FAPbI₃ was found in the orientation of the (110) plane, and it is observed that the type of antisolvent content in the absorber layer plays an important role in the growth and stabilization of the film. Here, chlorobenzene leads to a smooth and homogenous surface, a large grain size and a pinhole-free perovskite film. Additionally, the optical analysis revealed that the band gap is in the range from 1.55 to 1.57 eV. Furthermore, in an approximately 60% humidity environment and after two weeks, the stability and absorption of FaPbI₃ showed low degradation.

Herein, we examine the impact of cations on the structural, morphological, optical properties and degradation of lead perovskite APbI₃ (where A = MA, FA, Cs). Its structure, surface morphology and optical properties have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Visible spectrometer. The structure of perovskite thin films was found to be in the direction of (110) plane. It is seen from the XRD results that this kind of cation assumes a significant part in stabilising and improving the performance of APbI3 based solar cells. Here, the cesium lead iodide thin films show a smooth and homogenous surface and enormous grain size without pinhole perovskite film. An optical investigation uncovered that the band gap is in a range from 1.4 to 1.8 eV for the different cations. Additionally, in ~60% humidity under dark conditions for two weeks, the structural and optical properties of CsPbI3 films remained good. Furthermore, the efficiency of FTO/TIO2/CSPbI3/Spiro-Ometad/Au solar cells was calculated to be 21.48%.