The COVID-19 pandemic and the many associated socio-economic changes constitute a stressful event that required adaptation to new, dynamic, and often threatening conditions. According to the literature, coping strategies are one of the factors that determine a person’s degree of adaptation to stressful situations. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on the relationship between religious coping and selected indicators of mental health. Due to the large amount of data, this work has been divided into two parts: this first part discusses positive mental health indicators, while the second discusses negative mental health indicators (Pankowski & Wytrychiewicz-Pankowska, 2023). A systematic review of PubMed, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Google Scholar databases was carried out. In addition to the synthesis of information obtained from the research, a meta-analysis of correlation was also performed to determine the strengths of the relationships between the analysed variables, and selected moderators were assessed using meta-regression. Quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, happiness, and post-traumatic growth were the positive mental health indicators considered. Meta-analyses indicated a statistically significant relationship between positive religious coping and flourishing (well-being) with overall correlation values of 0.35 [0.30; 0.40]. Further calculations also indicated a relationship between negative religious coping and flourishing − 0.25 [− 0.34; − 0.15]. Data synthesis shows associations between religious coping and such indicators as satisfaction with life and post-traumatic growth, but these issues require further investigation.

Cel: Celem tego artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu wyników badań skuteczności treningu metapoznawczego (metacognitive training – MCT) u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii w redukcji objawów psychotycznych i zniekształceń poznawczych. Analizie poddano również inne zmienne takie jak funkcjonowanie społeczne, wgląd w objawy choroby i funkcjonowanie neuropoznawcze.Metoda: Przeszukiwano bazy PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials oraz PsycINFO w celu identyfikacji publikacji dotyczących treningu MCT . W przeglądzie uwzględniono łącznie 14 badań opublikowanych w latach 2009-2015, w których istniała możliwość porównania między grupą MCT i grupą kontrolną.Wyniki: Łączna liczba pacjentów w grupie MCT wyniosła 354 osoby, zaś w grupie kontrolnej 355. Największa siłę efektu uzyskano dla redukcji nasilenia urojeń (d ). Szczególnie wyraźna jest redukcja w zakresie pewności co do urojeń i zmniejszenie dystresu związanego z urojeniami. Siła efektu dla objawów negatywnych była niewielka. Zauważono wysoką siłę efektu dla poprawy wglądu klinicznego (d ). MCT pozytywnie wpływa na zniekształcenia poznawcze (d ) (szczególnie przeskok do konkluzji). Zauważono poprawę niektórych aspektów funkcji poznawczych (d ). Nie zauważono istotnej poprawy funkcjonowania społecznego pacjentów w grupie MCT. Badania podłużne z randomizacją wskazują, iż poprawa objawowa utrzymuje się co najmniej 6 miesięcy.Wnioski: MCT jest skuteczną formą oddziaływań w zakresie redukcji urojeń, zniekształceń poznawczych związanych ze schizofrenią oraz poprawy wglądu klinicznego. Relatywnie łatwa dostępność oraz trwałość efektów wskazuje, iż MCT może być efektywnie wykorzystywany w terapii schizofrenii. Dla poprawy skuteczności, szczególnie w zakresie funkcjonowania ogólnego, pomocne może być łączenie MCT z innymi formami oddziaływań.

Disturbances in body experience are described as key schizophrenia symptoms and early disease predictors. In case studies, different disorders relating to body experience are presented, but only a few empirical studies have aimed to distinguish the characteristics of body experience in schizophrenia, and these have been selected arbitrarily and without reference to cohesive theoretical model. To integrate this fragmentary approach, we propose a body self (BS) model, composed of: functions; representations (e.g., body image); and sense of body identity. The aim of the study was to determine whether the BS differentiates schizophrenic patients from healthy controls, and to investigate the relations between aspects of BS and a history of illness and clinical characteristics. The Body Self Questionnaire and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were administered to 63 schizophrenic patients and 63 healthy subjects. The difference was found in the functions of the body-self (perceiving, interpreting, and regulating body experience), in the sense of body identity, and in one of three aspects of body image explored (e.g., acceptance of biological sex). Disturbances in BS were related to positive symptoms and to the number of hospitalizations for other diseases. Together, the results demonstrate that schizophrenia is more body experience than body image disorder, since the negative emotional attitude towards the body and acceptance of fitness were not distinctive for schizophrenia. The link between the disturbances in BS and the number of nonpsychiatric hospitalizations suggests that misinterpretation of body experiences in schizophrenia can promote a search for medical attention.

Purpose: The aim of the study was first to examine the heterogeneity of body image and resources, as described by the conservation of resources theory (COR), in a sample of psoriatic patients and explore whether heterogeneity within these variables explains the possible differences in levels of life satisfaction among the participants. Second, we aimed to investigate if life satisfaction level among the observed profiles of psoriatic patients, extracted on the basis of their body image and resources, differed from that of the healthy comparison group. Methods: The sample consisted of 735 participants, including 355 adults with a medical diagnosis of psoriasis and 380 healthy adults recruited from a non-clinical general population. Participants filled the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and the COR evaluation questionnaire. Results: Latent profile analysis revealed four classes of psoriatic patients with different levels of resources and body image. The group with the highest level of resources and the most positive body image did not differ from the healthy comparison group regarding satisfaction with life. The group with the lowest level of resources and the most negative body image was characterized by the lowest satisfaction with life. Conclusions: The results of our study may change the simplifying trend that highlights the traditionally very poor well-being of psoriatic patients. Moreover, the discovery of specific profiles of these patients, which differ with regard to psychological variables, can lead to rethinking contemporary forms of psychological counselling in psoriatic patients.