Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne intracellular pathogen. The pathogen is the primary cause of human Listeriosis. The main source of human Listeriosis is through consumption of contaminated food products. Other modes of transmission include zoonotic and vertical transmission. The disease often presents in a mild form, but severe and fatal cases, as well as outbreaks, may occur. Despite these challenges, there has been little attempt at enumerating the burden of the disease in countries of Southeast Asia (SEA) and some developing countries. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in SEA using one health approach through a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR&MA) of the existing literature. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, an a priori protocol for the SR&MA was developed and registered in PROSPERO (ID=CRD42021288903). A systematic search of four electronic databases was performed for relevant citations. The identified publications were screened, and 17 studies were included in the review from where data was extracted. The pooling of the prevalence estimate (with the 95% confidence interval [CI]) was done using the random effect model by employing the double transformed arcsine method using MetaXL software. The overall determined prevalence for L. monocytogenes in SEA (in food, animal, and environmental sources) was 16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10–23). Further subgroup analysis revealed ready-to-eat food of vegetable origin with the highest prevalence of 21% (CI: 6–41). Also, seven virulence genes were identified to be prevalent in the subregion. The commonest identification method was found to be the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The knowledge of the high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in SEA is relevant for informed decision making by clinicians, public health practitioners, and policymakers. To achieve the goal of the effective control and prevention of the disease in the subregion.

The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-resistant (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae in Malaysia is alarming. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly its lipid A moiety, plays a central role in the bacterium’s toxicological profile by inducing strong pro-inflammatory responses and contributing to septic shock in systemic infections. Morbidity and mortality associated with this condition are alarming. A comprehensive evaluation of the proportion of this phenomenon will aid the Malaysian government and health authorities in their efforts to reduce its burden. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the incidence of ESBL K. pneumoniae in Malaysian clinical and community infections. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and preceded by the development of an a priori protocol. The protocol was then registered in PROSPERO – the public registry for systematic reviews. Six important outcomes, including the assessment of the overall ESBL K. pneumoniae prevalence, were designed to be evaluated. A literature search was conducted in four selected electronic databases, and 310 articles were screened. Of these articles, only seven studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies. By conducting a meta-analysis of quality effects, the pooled prevalence of ESBL K. pneumoniae in Malaysia was estimated at 72% (CI: 39-97). The review also identified ESBL gene types occurring mostly in infections. The high prevalence of ESBL K. pneumoniae in this study area is highly significant and of both public health and clinical relevance. Overall, the findings of this review will assist in the effective prevention and control of this threat in the study area.