Indonesian batik small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are rapidly growing, but they face many challenges in developing their business. For this reason, we propose a combination of open innovation and engagement theory to overcome these challenges. We conducted interviews with 27 local government officers (external stakeholder) and 57 managers of batik SMEs (internal stakeholder). We confirmed the interview results with 20 batik experts and representatives from the Indonesian Ministry of Industry in the Focus Group Discussion. We have divided the findings of this study into two categories: Java and outside of Java, since the two areas have different characteristics. According to our findings, the biggest challenge of batik SMEs in Java is the emergence of the batik printing business. Meanwhile, batik SMEs outside of Java are having difficulty obtaining raw materials. Open innovation has been implemented by some batik SMEs in Indonesia and can improve their business performance. However, more batik SMEs do not implement open innovation due to the lack of their skills and involvement of other stakeholders. As a result, we suggest that open innovation in the Indonesian batik industry needs to be supported by the participation of various parties or that open innovation is combined with engagement theory.

Purpose: The agricultural sector has an essential role in developing the economy of Indonesia (food, feed, raw materials for industry, contributor to gross domestic product, and labor absorption). For decades, this business field has survived (positive economic growth, while most of the business field faces contraction) during the country’s economic shock (financial crisis, economic setback, and pandemic situation). Thus, this study aims to measure Indonesia’s agricultural sector’s resilience and trends.Research Method: Secondary data have been collected from various sources: The UN Comtrade, World Bank, Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Bank Indonesia, and Investing Coordinating Board of Indonesia. Moreover, principal component analysis is used to determine the index of agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia, while trend analysis is employed to investigate the development of the resilience index from time to time.Findings: The resilience of the agricultural sector varies from time to time. However, it is statistically proven (a = 1%) that resilience tends to increase over the last twelve years.Research Limitations: The variables to determine the agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia consist of trade balance, agricultural terms of trade, total investment, government spending in the agricultural sector, total credit, agricultural workers’ income, and percentage of agricultural workers to total workers. It is suggested that the future study, employed non-agricultural parameters such as environmental conditions and research and development budget to capture a more comprehensive situation on agricultural sector resilience.Originality/ Value: This study contributes to the renewal of the literature on the resilience of the agricultural sector. Moreover, the variables used to represent the parameters of agricultural development in Indonesia may be applied in other countries.

Kecamatan Bantul merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jagung di Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan tren luas panen yang cenderung naik dari tahun 2017 hingga 2019. Meskipun demikian, luas panen yang semakin besar tidak otomatis mengakibatkan produksi yang lebih tinggi, hal ini disebabkan karena terdapat faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi jagung. Atas dasar hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi jagung dan tingkat efisiensi alokatif penggunaan input pada usaha tani jagung di Kecamatan Bantul. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis menggunakan data primer yang berasal dari wawancara dengan petani jagung. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak (random sampling). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi jagung dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda, sedangkan efisiensi alokatif dihitung menggunakan nilai indeks efisiensi alokatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan, benih, pupuk urea, pupuk kandang, herbisida, dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh terhadap produksi jagung. Hasil perthitungan efisiensi alokatif dikelompokkan menjadi tiga nilai indeks yaitu: (a) belum efisien (penggunaan luas lahan, benih, dan pupuk urea), (b) tidak efisien (penggunaan pupuk kandang dan herbisida), serta (c) sudah efisien (penggunaan tenaga kerja).

The institutional history of agricultural co-operatives in Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, and China has similarities in terms of pre-establishment, establishment, and development stages, but relatively different in the side of recognition and introspection, as well as the choice stage. Among the four countries, the initiators of agricultural co-operatives establishment are not only the community/grassroots movement, respectable individuals, and non-government organizations, but also the government. Once the government oversees agricultural co-operative development, it uses its political power to position the organization as a state agency. By that, facilities are given to accelerate the policy makers’ goals and positively impact the cultural co-operatives’ organizational growth. However, the farmer-members in Japan recognized that the co-operatives do not accommodate their needs. Later, with the aid from the new-regime government, the agricultural co-operative in the country was gradually reinvented. In South Korea, the farmer-members disagree with the decision from the government to use agricultural co-operatives as parastatal. Therefore, they later pooled their political power, urged changes, and successfully ran the agricultural co-operatives per se. On the other hand, in Indonesia, when the government loosened its ties, agricultural co-operatives with sufficient human resources reinvented or spawned the organization. In contrast, the ones with poor management quality chose the status quo or exit. In China, the loophole in the government policy encouraged more private companies or prominent capital entrepreneurs to run the co-operatives instead of farmers. Consequently, agricultural co-operatives with no actual member farmers focused on commercial activities unrelated to the members’ needs or placed the farmers merely as the users, not the decision-makers, could be found within the country. The review of institutional history emphasizes the importance of further study about the longevity of government-led and non-government-led agricultural co-operatives.

This research aims to (1) determine the financial performance of village unit cooperative/Koperausi Unit Desa (KUD) in Yogyakarta Special Region (2) determine the affecting factors of profit/selisih hasil usaha (SHU) (3) determine the institutional performance of village unit cooperative in Yogyakarta Special Region. The basic method used for this stufy is descriptive snalysis. The data used are the primary and secondary data. Data primary obtained through the interview whiledata secondary obtained through KUD’s annual report from 2011 untul 2012/ sampling method is purposive sampling, based on the highest profit value in each KUD in regency or city inYogyakarta Special region in 2012, any KUD in each regency or city taken 4 people respondents, 3 people of board organizer, and 1 inspector of each KUD. Method of analysis used financial rationanalysis to determine financial performance of village unit cooperation in Yogyakarta Special Region, multiple regression analysis to determine the affecting factors of profit and analysis efforts to determine tye institutional performance of village unit cooperative in Yogyakarta Special Region. The result showed that financial performance of village unit cooperative in Yogyakarta Special Region still low. The significant factors for affecting profit are business volume, dummy USP, dummy RMU, dummy electricity, and the number of members own capital, outside capital, total assets, dummy waserda, anda dummy saprotan are not significant factor for affecting profit. KUD in Yogyakarta Special Region having well-institution performance.