Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality. Early intervention and prevention of CVD depend on accurately predicting the risk of CVD. This study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), heart attack (HA), stroke, and hypertension (HTN) among patients without diabetes in the United States. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2020. We conducted several regression analysis models and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of (TyG) index for predicting the onset of CHD, CHF, HA, stroke, and HTN. Results: A total of 10,937 individuals without diabetes participated in our study. Individuals with a TyG index greater than 8.96 displayed significant increasing in various parameters, including BMI, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, and Apo-B levels (p < 0.001). Almost all regression models ensured that a higher TyGI value was associated with higher odds of having CHD, CHF, HA, stroke, and HTN, which patients with a TyGI value higher than 8.96 have odds ratios of 2.24–5.58 for CHD, 1.68–4.42 for stroke, 2.45–3.77 for HA and 1.75–3.93 for HTN comparing than patients with a TyGI value lower than 8.11 (p-value < 0.05).We evaluated the predictive value of the TyG index for each endpoint, obtaining the following area under the curve (AUC) values: 54.75% for CHF (95% CI: 0.542–0.614), 52.32% for stroke (95% CI: 0.529–0.584), 55.67% for HA (95% CI: 0.595–0.646), 55.59% for HTN (95% CI: 0.574–0.597), and 50.31% for CHD (95% CI: 0.592–0.646). Conclusion: The TyG index showed a strong correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in individuals without diabetes, however it was a poor predictor of almost studied cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Childhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health challenge, with long-term implications that often extend into adulthood, increasing the susceptibility to chronic health conditions. Objective: The objective of this review is to elucidate the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity, emphasizing its potential to complement and enhance traditional management methods. Methods: We undertook a comprehensive examination of existing literature to understand the integration of machine learning and other AI techniques in childhood obesity management strategies. Results: The findings from numerous studies suggest a strong endorsement for AI's role in addressing childhood obesity. Particularly, machine learning techniques have shown considerable efficacy in augmenting current therapeutic and preventive approaches. Conclusion: The intersection of AI with conventional obesity management practices presents a novel and promising approach to fortify interventions targeting pediatric obesity. This review accentuates the transformative capacity of AI, thereby advocating for continued research and innovation in this rapidly evolving domain.

Background: Family Medicine is a novel discipline in many countries, where the motivation for training and value added to communities is not well-described. Our purpose was to understand the reason behind the choice of Family Medicine as a profession, the impact of Family Medicine on communities, and Family Medicine’s characterizing qualities, as perceived by family doctors around the world.Methods: One-question video interviews were conducted using an appreciative inquiry approach, with volunteer participants at the 2016 World Organization of Family Doctors conference in Rio de Janeiro. Qualitative data analysis applied the thematic, framework method.Results: 135 family doctors from 55 countries participated in this study. Three overarching themes emerged: 1) key attributes of Family Medicine, 2) core Family Medicine values and 3) shared traits of family doctors. Family Medicine attributes and values were the key expressed motivators to join Family Medicine as a profession and were also among expressed factors that contributed to the impact of Family Medicine globally. Major sub-themes included the principles of comprehensive care, holistic care, continuity of care, patient centeredness, and the patient-provider relationship. Participants emphasized the importance of universal care, human rights, social justice and health equity.Conclusion: Family doctors around the world shared stories about their profession, presenting a heterogeneous picture of global Family Medicine unified by its attributes and values. These stories may inspire and serve as positive examples for Family Medicine programs, prospective students, advocates and other stakeholders.

Background: The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia has heightened the need for organ transplantation; however, the donor pool remains insufficient. This study explored awareness and willingness towards organ donation among Riyadh residents and examined the sociodemographic factors influencing these attitudes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted among adults in Riyadh. The survey assessed demographic characteristics, awareness, willingness to donate, and sociodemographic factors. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Among the 645 respondents, 56.4% were willing to donate organs, with females showing a higher propensity than males (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7–5.1, p < 0.001). Awareness of organ donation centers was linked to increased willingness to donate (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.5, p < 0.001). Higher educational level was strongly associated with donor registration (OR 36.8, 95% CI 14.7–91.9, p < 0.001). Despite their high willingness, only 9.5% were registered as donors, highlighting the gap between intention and action. Conclusions: Riyadh residents showed a significant willingness to donate organs, influenced by gender, education, and awareness. Low registration rates suggest barriers such as religious beliefs and lack of information. Targeted educational campaigns and policy evaluations, including an opt-out system, are recommended to enhance registration rates.

Introduction: Access to primary healthcare (PHC) services is a significant concern, especially for those living in remote areas. Mobile health clinics (MHCs) are a model widely used to enhance access to healthcare in rural areas. In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Health has launched mobile clinics to facilitate access to PHC and increase access to healthcare. This study aims to assess the accessibility of MHCs in rural areas of Saudi Arabia measuring four dimensions of access from the patient’s perspective: physical accessibility, availability, financial affordability, and acceptability. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey in the form of an interviewer-administered questionnaire was performed on patients who attended mobile clinics between August and October 2020. All these people have been targeted to be interviewed as a nonprobability sample. Data was collected through a survey filled out by the interviewer. Results: Five hundred participants were interviewed in nine mobile clinics in the nine cities of the Kingdom. The majority were men (82.4%) and from Makkah city (13.6%) and 94.2% of the participants were Saudi nationals. In total, 98.3% of the respondents were satisfied with the overall mobile clinic services and 11.4% of the participants had difficulties with the mobile clinics’ work schedules. There was a positive correlation between access to mobile clinics and satisfaction. Conclusions: The mobile clinics in rural and remote areas in Saudi Arabia during the study period were accessible to the respondents and met patient satisfaction. Most participants accept the work schedule for mobile clinics. However, it requires further improvements to meet all access dimensions of the study.

Introduction: Scrub typhus (ST) is a neglected tropical disease of serious concern in Nepal. This systematic review aims to describe the burden of disease, clinical presentation, and complications of ST infection in Nepal. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and national databases was conducted for any literature published in English between January 2000 and January 2023. Any type of study design (observational studies, case series, and interventional studies) that reported laboratory-confirmed ST and was conducted in Nepal among patients of all age groups was included. The seroprevalence of ST among acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) cases, geographical distribution, monthly distribution, clinical presentations, complications, and treatment were assessed by the study. Result: A total of 15 studies with 10, 977 participants were included in the review. The seroprevalence of ST among the AUFI cases in Nepal was 19.31%. Young people at or below 20 years of age were mostly affected. The maximum number of cases were reported from Bagmati province (59.46%) and in the month of August (26.33%). Fever, headache, cough, shortness of breath, nausea, and abdominal pain were the clinical characteristics in decreasing order of occurrence. The most common complication was acute kidney injury, followed by respiratory problems, cardiac issues, and neurological manifestations. The case fatality rate of ST in Nepal was 2.56%. Conclusion: The authors findings showed a significant burden of ST among AUFI cases in Nepal. Improved surveillance, general public awareness, and early detection post-calamities could help reduce the disease burden and improve patient outcomes.