Follow-up studies of COVID-19 survivors have been performed to characterize persistence of long-term symptoms, but data are scarce on one year of follow-up. This study provides data from 48 weeks of follow-up after discharge. All patients discharged from the Department of Infectious Diseases at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark between 1 March and 1 July 2020 were followed for 48 weeks. In total, 45 of 66 eligible patients were interviewed after 48 weeks. The median age was 57 (IQR 51–70) years, the majority were female (53%) and Caucasian (87%). Median BMI was 28.1 (IQR 24.8–32.6) kg/m². One or more comorbidities were registered among 62% of the patients. In total, 39 out of 45 (87%) interviewed patients reported persistence of at least one symptom 48 weeks after hospitalization with COVID-19. Most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, and concentration difficulties. This study provides new long-term data following COVID-19, contributing to the accumulating data of COVID-19 sequelae. Many patients suffer long-term sequelae and further research is urgently needed to gain further knowledge of the duration and therapeutic options.

Purpose: To compare post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) rates and severity between BiZact and cold steel tonsillectomy in a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: This non-inferiority RCT was conducted at five Danish hospitals between June 2022 and May 2024. Patients aged ≥ 4 years undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indications were randomized to BiZact or cold steel dissection. Patients and caregivers were blinded to group assignment. Primary outcome was PTH within 30 days, categorized by severity: spontaneous hemostasis, treatment in local anesthesia, or general anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included operative time, blood loss, infection, and readmission due to pain. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate relative risk (RR) in an intention-to-treat analysis. Results: Of 2,750 screened patients, 1,250 were randomized: 645 to BiZact and 605 to cold steel. Among 1,187 patients analyzed, return to theatre occurred in 5% of BiZact patients and 10% of cold steel patients ( p = 0.004). Bleeding managed in local anesthesia occurred in 7% in both groups; spontaneous hemostasis occurred in 3% versus 5%, respectively. Overall PTH rates were 12% for BiZact and 17% for cold steel ( p = 0.02). Adjusted RR for any PTH was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53–0.92). No complications beyond predefined outcomes occurred. Conclusion: BiZact tonsillectomy was associated with a lower risk of severe and overall PTH compared to cold steel. Comprehensive bleeding documentation may account for the higher absolute PTH rates compared to previous studies. Trial registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05270109. Registered March 7, 2022.

Objectives: To assess the impact of visual guidance and instrument choice on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and otitis media with effusion (OME) symptom recurrence and reoperation rates following adenoidectomy in pediatric patients. Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Setting: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase, PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus, with the final search on September 23, 2024. Reference lists were also screened. Participants: Eligible studies included RCTs published from 2000 onwards, with ≥25 pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy for OSA or OME. Comparisons included visually guided versus blinded and cold versus hot adenoidectomy techniques. Studies involving concurrent procedures, craniofacial abnormalities, or non-primary adenoidectomy cases were excluded. Main outcome measures: The primary outcomes were OSA and OME symptom recurrence and reoperation rates following adenoidectomy. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and evidence quality was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Results: Of 2302 screened articles, 35 underwent full-text review, and 4r studies (373 participants) met inclusion criteria. All studies compared hot and cold techniques, with hot techniques being visually guided. Only one study directly compared both hot and cold techniques under visual guidance, reporting lower OSA recurrence rates with the hot technique, though with a high risk of bias. Other studies found no significant differences, and none reported reoperation rates. Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias and evidence quality were moderate. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to determine whether visual guidance reduces symptom recurrence following adenoidectomy. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to provide more sound conclusions. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024513408.

Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (SN-NECs) are rare malignancies, typically affecting older individuals. This case report presents a highly malignant large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) originating from the nasal septum in a previously healthy young adult male. The patient initially presented with symptoms mimicking acute rhinosinusitis, such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea and frontal headache, which were followed by recurrent epistaxis and double vision. Imaging revealed an extensive sinonasal (SN) tumour with local invasion and significant mass effect. Histopathology confirmed a large-cell NEC with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 80%. Urgent surgical resection was performed, followed by cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to a positive response despite complications such as thrombosis and tinnitus. This case highlights the importance of recognising red-flag symptoms, such as double vision, nasal stenosis with recurrent epistaxis and cranial nerve involvement, in SN disease to ensure early diagnosis and timely intervention.

Objectives: To examine postoperative bleeding rates and associated patient and surgical factors after tonsil surgery in Denmark and identify targets for quality improvement. Design: Multicentre cohort study using prospectively collected registry data. Setting: Five Danish ENT departments contributing to the Danish Tonsil Database, 2018–2024. Participants: Children, adolescents and adults undergoing tonsillectomy, adenotonsillectomy, tonsillotomy, adenotonsillotomy or acute tonsillectomy for benign indications. Main Outcome Measures: Clinically confirmed postoperative bleeding within 30 days. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors estimated adjusted relative risks (RRs). Results: Among 6145 procedures, postoperative bleeding occurred after 14% of tonsillectomies, 9.9% of adenotonsillectomies, 10% of acute tonsillectomies, 1.7% of tonsillotomies and 2.6% of adenotonsillotomies. Among bleeding events, 51% required general anaesthesia, 32% local anaesthesia and 17% resolved spontaneously. After tonsillectomy, male sex (adjusted RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.44–2.00) and resident surgery (adjusted RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04–1.51) were associated with higher risk, while patients aged < 12 years (adjusted RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.37–0.74) and 12–17 years (adjusted RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43–0.76) had lower risk than adults. Cold dissection with cold haemostasis tonsillectomy had the lowest crude bleeding rate (9.8%), but operative technique was not independently associated with bleeding after adjustment. No deaths occurred. Conclusions: Bleeding rates after tonsillectomy were higher than those reported in several international cohorts, while rates after tonsillotomy were low. Cold dissection with cold haemostasis tonsillectomy had the lowest observed rate, although adjusted analyses were not statistically significant. These findings support structured quality‐improvement work and continued monitoring.