With rapid industrial development, air pollution problems, especially in urban and metropolitan centers, have become a serious societal problem and require our immediate attention and comprehensive solutions to protect human and animal health and the environment. Because bad air quality brings prominent effects on our daily life, how to forecast future air quality accurately and tenuously has emerged as a priority for guaranteeing the quality of human life in many urban areas worldwide. Existing models usually neglect the influence of wind and do not consider both distance and similarity to select the most related stations, which can provide significant information in prediction. Therefore, we propose a Geographic Self-Organizing Map (GeoSOM) spatiotemporal gated recurrent unit (GRU) model, which clusters all the monitor stations into several clusters by geographical coordinates and time-series features. For each cluster, we build a GRU model and weighted different models with the Gaussian vector weights to predict the target sequence. The experimental results on real air quality data in Beijing validate the superiority of the proposed method over a number of state-of-the-art ones in metrics, such as ${R} ^{2}$ , mean relative error (MRE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The MAE, MRE, and ${R} ^{2}$ are 16.1, 0.79, and 0.35 at the Gucheng station and 19.53, 0.82, and 0.36 at the Dongsi station.

Purpose: Sequenced Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) prediction represents a pivotal area of study in biology, playing a crucial role in elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of diseases and facilitating the design of novel therapeutic interventions. Conventional methods for extracting features through experimental processes have proven to be both costly and exceedingly complex. In light of these challenges, the scientific community has turned to computational approaches, particularly those grounded in deep learning methodologies. Despite the progress achieved by current deep learning technologies, their effectiveness diminishes when applied to larger, unfamiliar datasets. Results: In this study, the paper introduces a novel deep learning framework, termed DL-PPI, for predicting PPIs based on sequence data. The proposed framework comprises two key components aimed at improving the accuracy of feature extraction from individual protein sequences and capturing relationships between proteins in unfamiliar datasets. 1. Protein Node Feature Extraction Module: To enhance the accuracy of feature extraction from individual protein sequences and facilitate the understanding of relationships between proteins in unknown datasets, the paper devised a novel protein node feature extraction module utilizing the Inception method. This module efficiently captures relevant patterns and representations within protein sequences, enabling more informative feature extraction. 2. Feature-Relational Reasoning Network (FRN): In the Global Feature Extraction module of our model, the paper developed a novel FRN that leveraged Graph Neural Networks to determine interactions between pairs of input proteins. The FRN effectively captures the underlying relational information between proteins, contributing to improved PPI predictions. DL-PPI framework demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in the realm of sequence-based PPI prediction.

An intraoperative diagnosis is critical for precise cancer surgery. However, traditional intraoperative assessments based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology, such as frozen section, are time-, resource-, and labor-intensive, and involve specimen-consuming concerns. Here, we report a near-real-time automated cancer diagnosis workflow for breast cancer that combines dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography (D-FFOCT), a label-free optical imaging method, and deep learning for bedside tumor diagnosis during surgery. To classify the benign and malignant breast tissues, we conducted a prospective cohort trial. In the modeling group (n = 182), D-FFOCT images were captured from April 26 to June 20, 2018, encompassing 48 benign lesions, 114 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 10 invasive lobular carcinoma, 4 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 6 rare tumors. Deep learning model was built up and fine-tuned in 10,357 D-FFOCT patches. Subsequently, from June 22 to August 17, 2018, independent tests (n = 42) were conducted on 10 benign lesions, 29 IDC, 1 DCIS, and 2 rare tumors. The model yielded excellent performance, with an accuracy of 97.62%, sensitivity of 96.88% and specificity of 100%; only one IDC was misclassified. Meanwhile, the acquisition of the D-FFOCT images was non-destructive and did not require any tissue preparation or staining procedures. In the simulated intraoperative margin evaluation procedure, the time required for our novel workflow (approximately 3 min) was significantly shorter than that required for traditional procedures (approximately 30 min). These findings indicate that the combination of D-FFOCT and deep learning algorithms can streamline intraoperative cancer diagnosis independently of traditional pathology laboratory procedures.

As the deadliest form of pollution, air pollution had a prolonged severe damage to the human health and life safety of nearly 99% of the world's population. Facing to the problem that billions of tons of pollutants discharged into the air per year by industrial activities, this paper proposed a novel image-based air pollution monitor (IAPM) by incorporating local and global information in the self-adaptive multiscale transform domain, so as to achieve the timely and effective leakage detection of typical air pollutants from a single image. To be specific, this paper first developed a screen-shaped module according to two significant findings in visual neuroscience, which include the high sensitivity of human eyes to horizontal and vertical stimuli and the center-surround inhibition, by designing and fusing the square module, horizontal strip module and vertical strip module parallelly for simulating the behaviour of human eyes to extract local features. Second, the learnable weights and proportional mapping were applied to incorporate the screen-shaped module and lightweight vision transformer as backbone, towards more richly exploiting and fusing local and global information just as the way a brain perceives external stimuli. Third, a new self-adaptive multiscale transform domain method was devised based on two motivations from the visual characteristics of multiscale perception and the brain characteristics of self-adaptive domain transform to modify the backbone by using the operations of pooling and pointwise convolution. Extensive experiments implemented on the datasets of carbon particulate matters and ethylene leakage confirmed the superior monitoring performance of the proposed IAPM model beyond the state-of-the-art (SOTA) peers by an accuracy gain of about 4%. Furthermore, the proposed IAPM model only required 0.089 GFLOPs and 0.15 million model parameters, remarkably outperforming SOTA competitors in computational efficiency and storage resources.

Background: Addressing the laborious nature of traditional biological experiments by using an efficient computational approach to analyze RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) binding sites has always been a challenging task. RBPs play a vital role in post-transcriptional control. Identification of RBPs binding sites is a key step for the anatomy of the essential mechanism of gene regulation by controlling splicing, stability, localization and translation. Traditional methods for detecting RBPs binding sites are time-consuming and computationally-intensive. Recently, the computational method has been incorporated in researches of RBPs. Nevertheless, lots of them not only rely on the sequence data of RNA but also need additional data, for example the secondary structural data of RNA, to improve the performance of prediction, which needs the pre-work to prepare the learnable representation of structural data.Results: To reduce the dependency of those pre-work, in this paper, we introduce DeepPN, a deep parallel neural network that is constructed with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph convolutional network (GCN) for detecting RBPs binding sites. It includes a two-layer CNN and GCN in parallel to extract the hidden features, followed by a fully connected layer to make the prediction. DeepPN discriminates the RBP binding sites on learnable representation of RNA sequences, which only uses the sequence data without using other data, for example the secondary or tertiary structure data of RNA. DeepPN is evaluated on 24 datasets of RBPs binding sites with other state-of-the-art methods. The results show that the performance of DeepPN is comparable to the published methods.Conclusion: The experimental results show that DeepPN can effectively capture potential hidden features in RBPs and use these features for effective prediction of binding sites.

Human pose estimation (HPE) is a crucial computer vision task with a wide range of applications in sports medicine, healthcare, virtual reality, and human-computer interaction. The demand for real-time HPE solutions necessitates the development of efficient deep-learning models that can be deployed on resource-constrained devices. While a few surveys exist in this area, none delve deeply into the critical intersection of efficiency and performance. This survey reviews the state-of-the-art efficient deep learning approaches for real-time HPE, focusing on strategies for improving efficiency without compromising accuracy. We discuss popular backbone networks for HPE, model compression techniques, network pruning and quantization, knowledge distillation, and neural architecture search methods. Furthermore, we critically analyze the existing works, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and applicability to different scenarios. We also present an overview of the evaluation datasets, metrics, and design for efficient HPE. Finally, we identify research gaps and challenges in the field, providing insights and recommendations for future research directions in developing efficient and scalable HPE solutions.