In this review paper, we considered all of the reports on the ion-exchange process which occur in the pores of MOFs. A comparison between MOFs before and after-exchange process and their applications were addressed.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are very useful nanoporous materials that have attracted much attention in recent years because of their potential in gas storage, separation, luminescence, magnetic materials, and catalysis. Furthermore, in this review, we report the utilization of MOFs as precursors for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In addition to the utilization of MOFs as precursors for the synthesis of nanomaterials with various morphologies, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets, they can be used as a template for the formation of nanomaterials with the same morphology as the initial MOFs. It seems that the apohost of MOFs can be used as a template in the synthesis of nanomaterials. In order to investigate this, we carried out the synthesis of cobalt oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, hematite, and other nanomaterials from MOFs.