This review focuses on the consequences of the early and rapid deployment of carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and storage (CCS) technologies, which is currently recognized as a critical problem in fulfilling climate change mitigation objectives and as a viable alternative for countries throughout the world. Currently, the geological storage of CO₂ is the most effective and, in many cases, the only viable short- to medium-term alternative for considerably moving towards CO₂ sequestration in geological sinks and, thus, lowering net carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Furthermore, this review explores the global and environmental measurements of CO₂ emissions, as well as the emphasis behind more efficient energy usage. The components of the CCS system are briefly examined, with an emphasis on the technologies that have been developed by previous scholars to support carbon capture, as well as the kinds of carbon geological formations that are suitable sinks for CO₂. Additionally, the importance of carbon interaction and sequestration in unconventional formations are examined through case studies that are applied to coalbed seams and shale gas reservoirs. Numerous trapping processes are grouped and introduced in a constructive matrix to easily distinguish the broad trapping mechanisms, which are (1) chemical, (2) physicochemical, and (3) physical trapping, and each of these categories are further classified in depth based on their contribution to CO₂ storage.

This study evaluated the potential for application of miscible nitrogen injection to South East assets in Abu Dhabi which include three giant onshore oil fields. MMP (Minimum miscibility pressure) for different N2- oil systems was determined as a key criterion for screening. CMG simulation and correlations approaches were employed for determining pure N2 MMP. Results of the study demonstrated that pure nitrogen miscible injection is promising for some reservoirs in the SE fields when reservoir pressure is higher than the MMP. Different correlations have been investigated for suitability to Abu Dhabi crude oils. Investigated MMP correlations are applied to the available data sets and a comprehensive error analysis is performed based on a comparison of the predicted value using published correlations with the simulated value using CMG simulator. Two simulation methods were employed to calculate MMP's: cell to cell and key tie line. The Hudgins and Sebastian correlations are in a good agreement with the simulated MMP indicated by small absolute deviation of 10.9% and 2.9% respectively. Glaso, Hanssen, and Firoozabadi correlations produced unrealistic results. The impact of critical parameters such as C1 fraction, C2-C5 fraction, and molecular weight of C7+, API, and temperature on the MMP of nitrogen injection was investigated.

Although gas desorption is a known phenomenon, modeling fluid flow in tight gas reservoirs often ignores the governing desorption effect, assuming that viscous transport is the predominant controller, resulting in an erroneous prediction of mass transport and fluid flow calculations. Thus, developing a new model accommodating all the major contributing forces in such a medium is essential. This work introduces a new comprehensive flow model suitable for tight unconventional reservoirs, including viscous, inertia, diffusion, and sorption forces, to account for fluid transport. Based on Langmuir law and Knudsen diffusion effect, three models were generated and compared with different known models using synthetic data. The model was solved and analyzed for different scenario cases, and parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the desorption effect on different reservoir types using MATLAB. Results show that the contribution of the sorption mechanism to the flow increases with the reducing permeability of the medium and lower viscosity of the flowing fluid and an additional pressure drop up to 10 psi was quantified.