Components and structures working in the marine environment are exposed to high stresses attributable to the action of wind, waves, and tides. Moreover, they have to face hostile and severe environmental conditions during their lifetime, being placed in the splash zone if not even submerged in saltwater. The application of polymer composites in marine systems has been the focus of intensive studies in the last decades, highlighting potential benefits given by the replacement of several components, such as ship hulls, propeller blades, wind, and tidal turbine blades, to cite but a few. The present paper reports the latest advances in this area, addressing the applications of advanced composites in ships and ship components, offshore oil and gas composites, marine renewable energy and underwater repairing.

In recent years, new revolutionary paradigms generally indicated using the term Industry 4.0, have been conceived and are progressively applied in several manufacturing systems to achieve a smarter, more effective, and sustainable production. This article aims to depict the present and future scenarios related to the application of Industry 4.0 concepts to polymer composites manufacturing. To provide a view on future potential, and open new research frontiers, the article attempts to address through elaborate discussions two major questions: The article, in addition, connects new avenues in additive manufacturing, for instance, incorporating topology optimization, design opportunities, recent industrial developments in machines and patent disclosures, and defect detection/mitigation during manufacture. Similarly, recent developments concerning robotic Automated Fiber/Tape Placement have been provided, discussing state-of-the-art research trends and future opportunities.

Surface treatments on polymer-based materials are frequently used to enhance mechanical and physical properties. Cold spray is a metallisation technique that provides a viable solution to overcome the main drawbacks of conventional thermal spray processing techniques related to surface degradation at high temperatures. This review provides a critical overview on the metallisation of polymers and polymer matrix composites using cold spray. It offers an informative read on different approaches, bonding mechanisms, spraying procedures and parameters that influence the deposition efficiency, and the features of the coating. The future scope section broadly highlights potentially relevant areas for further developments using the method for metallising polymer-based substrates. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT