Climate warming has been detected and tree growth is sensitive to climate change in Northwestern Yunnan Plateau. Abies georgei is the main component of subalpine forest in the area. In this study, A. georgei ring width chronologies were constructed at four sites ranging from 3300 to 4150 m a.s.l. in Haba Snow Mountain, Southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau. We analyzed the relationship between four constructed chronologies and climatic variables (monthly minimum temperature, monthly mean temperature, monthly maximum temperature, monthly total precipitation, the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index, and monthly relative humidity) by using response function analysis, moving interval analysis, and redundancy analysis. Overall, the growth of A. georgei was positively affected by common climatic factors (winter moisture conditions, autumn temperature, and previous autumn precipitation). At low and middle-low sites, May moisture condition and previous December precipitation controlled its radial growth with positive correlations. At middle-high and high sites, previous November temperature was the key factor affecting tree growth. The result of moving interval analysis was consistent with correlation analyses, particularly for May moisture at low altitudes.

Improved understanding of the responses of stem radial growth to climates is necessary for modeling and predicting the response of forest ecosystems to future climate change. We used dendrochronological methods to study climate effects on the radial growth of a subalpine deciduous conifer, Larix potaninii. Tree-ring residual chronologies were developed for five sites at the upper distributional limits in the Central Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China. Redundancy analysis and response function were used to compare inter-annual variability in growth sensitivity among the chronologies and to identity key climatic factors controlling tree radial growth. The results showed that both precipitation and temperature influenced tree growth, and response patterns were consistent for five chronologies. During the current year’s early growing season (T_mean in May and T_max in June), temperature positively affected the radial growth of L. potaninii, while September T_min and October precipitation in the previous year and May and June precipitation in the current year all had negative impacts on its radial growth. L. potaninii growth appeared to be mainly limited by photothermal conditions in May and June. In the context of increasing CO₂ concentrations accompanied with warmer temperatures, future climate change would likely stimulate the radial growth of L. potaninii in Central Hengduan Mountain.

The carbon emissions are essential for climate change and 26% of the world's carbon emissions are related to transport. But focusing only on fewer carbon emissions might be biased at times. In order to keep a balance be-tween economic growth and carbon emissions reduction, this paper evaluated the performance of carbon control by considering the input factors and output factors together, which is more comprehensive and reliable. Firstly, this paper has calculated the transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency (TCERE) based on the model of super SBM with undesirable outputs. The input factors include capital stock, labor force and fossil energy con-sumption. And the output factors include gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions. Then the influenc-ing factors of TCERE were analyzed using econometric models. The economic growth, transport structure, tech-nology level and population density were posited as influencing factors. This paper creatively proposed the per capita nighttime lights brightness as a new indicator for economic growth. An empirical study was conducted in East China from 2013 to 2017, and this study has found that the relationship between TCERE and economic growth shows an U-shape. Besides, transport structure and technology level both show a positive impact on TCERE. The implications of our findings are that: (a) The TCERE declines slower in East China, giving us reason to believe that the improvement of TCERE is predictable; (b) When economic growth exceeds the turning point, economic growth is conducive to the improvement of TCERE. We could develop the economy boldly and confident-ly; (c) Increased investment in railway and waterway transportation infrastructure projects is needed to strengthen the structure of the railway and waterway transportation systems. Furthermore, the general public and businesses should be encouraged to prefer rail or river transportation; (d) Investment in scientific and technological innova-tion should be enhanced in order to produce more efficient energy-use methods.

Improving surface-soil carbon accumulation is important for restoring reclaimed alpine mining soils. We evaluated nine treatments in the Muli mining area, Qinghai, China: a control (CK) and eight sheep manure cake rates (0.025–0.060 m³·m⁻²). Soil total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 0–10 cm soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, carbon pool management index (CPMI), carbon fixation genes (cbbL and cbbM), and microbial community sequencing profiles were assessed. Sheep manure cake significantly increased the measured carbon fractions and CPMI. The 0–10 cm SOC stock was highest under SM3 (75.82 ± 3.52 Mg C ha⁻¹), followed by SM4 (65.99 ± 3.49 Mg C ha⁻¹), compared with 20.74 ± 1.52 Mg C ha⁻¹ in CK. cbbL and cbbM gene copy numbers peaked under SM2 (0.030 m³·m⁻²), reaching 1.51 × 10⁹ and 1.91 × 10⁷ copies·g⁻¹, respectively. Under the prespecified equal criterion-layer weights, TOPSIS ranked SM2 first; however, sensitivity analysis showed that the leading treatment changed when criterion weights were altered. Thus, SM3–SM4 showed the strongest measured surface-carbon accumulation, whereas SM2 was the highest-ranked treatment only within the adopted TOPSIS weighting scheme.