Nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties have attracted extensive attention of scientific research and will play an increasingly important role in the future development of science and technology. With the gradual deepening of research, noble metal nanomaterials have been applied in the fields of new energy materials, photoelectric information storage, and nano-enhanced catalysis due to their unique optical, electrical and catalytic properties. Nanostructured materials formed by noble metal elements (Au, Ag, etc.) exhibit remarkable photoelectric properties, good stability and low biotoxicity, which received extensive attention in chemical and biological sensing field and achieved significant research progress. In this paper, the research on the synthesis, modification and sensing application of the existing noble metal nanomaterials is reviewed in detail, which provides a theoretical guidance for further research on the functional properties of such nanostructured materials and their applications of other nanofields.

Palmitic acid (PA) can lead to intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. In this study, the protective effects and working mechanisms of 6-shogaol against PA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction were investigated in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular flux, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot experiments showed that the 24-h treatment with 400 μM PA damaged intestinal barrier integrity, as evidenced by a reduction of 48% in the TEER value, a 4.1-fold increase in the flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4000 (FD-4), and decreases in the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1), compared with the control. The PA treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) in Caco-2 cells due to the upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins, and downregulation of miR-216a-5p (which directly targeted TLR4). Co-treatment with PA and 6-shogaol (2.5 μM) significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated PA-induced changes through regulation of TJs via the miR-216a-5p/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides insights into the functions and working mechanisms of 6-shogaol as a promising food-derived agent against PA-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with systematically tailored structures have been suggested as promising precursors to the preparation of diverse functional materials. Herein, a facile and versatile layer-by-layer strategy without any special surface modifications has been proposed for the preparation of magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs) supported molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MMOFs@MIP), which are based on a magnetically susceptible core conjugated with an imidazole-derived self-assembled layer and a silane-based imprinted shell. The obtained MMOFs@MIPs, which integrated the advantages of Fe₃O₄, MOFs, and MIPs, were characterized and exhibited good magnetic properties, a rapid mass transfer rate, and an excellent adsorption selectivity as well as capacity for the targeted molecular - bisphenol A (BPA). Moreover, the MMOFs@MIPs were employed as adsorbents in magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) to selectively bind and rapidly separate BPA from real samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 88.3% to 92.3%. More importantly, the desirable reusability of MMOFs@MIP was also evaluated, and the recoveries still maintained above 88.0% even after five re-use cycles. Furthermore, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, a novel MSPE-HPLC method was developed, enabling the highly selective and sensitive detection of BPA in a wide linear range of 0.5–5000 μg L⁻¹ with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 μg L⁻¹. This work contributes a promising method for constructing various functional nanoparticles @MOFs@MIP hybrid materials for applications in many different fields.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical environmental estrogen that is distributed worldwide and has the potential to pose a hazard to the ecological environment and human health. The development of an efficient and sensitive sensing strategy for the monitoring of BPA residues is of paramount importance. A novel electrochemical sensor based on carbon black and carbon nanofibers composite (CB/f-CNF)-assisted signal amplification has been successfully constructed for the amperometric detection of BPA in foods. Herein, the hybrid CB/f-CNF was prepared using a simple one-step ultrasonication method, and exhibited good electron transfer capability and excellent catalytic properties, which can be attributed to the large surface area of carbon black and the strong enhancement of the conductivity and porosity of carbon nanofibers, which promote a faster electron transfer process on the electrode surface. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed CB/f-CNF/GCE sensor exhibited a wide linear response range (0.4–50.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L) with a low limit of detection of 5.9 × 10⁻⁸ mol/L for BPA quantification. Recovery tests were conducted on canned peaches and boxed milk, yielding satisfactory recoveries of 86.0–102.6%. Furthermore, the developed method was employed for the rapid and sensitive detection of BPA in canned meat and packaged milk, demonstrating comparable accuracy to the HPLC method. This work presents an efficient signal amplification strategy through the utilization of carbon/carbon nanocomposite sensitization technology.

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as promising candidates for developing the high-performance sensing platforms, owing to their superior electrical and photophysical properties. However, the high-temperature synthesis and instability in polar solvent limit their practical application in water-phase environments, such as food safety monitoring. Herein, a versatile one-pot room temperature approach for synthesis of molecular imprinted polymer coated CsPbBr₃ quantum dots (CsPbBr₃@MIP) sol-gel method was presented. A highly luminescent perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) was fabricated via a room temperature reaction and employed as signal transducer, while the in-situ grown molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) acted as both protective shells and recognition units. Compared to bare CsPbBr₃ quantum dots, CsPbBr₃@MIP nanocomposites demonstrated an enhanced fluorescence stability and selectivity for ciprofloxacin (CIP). The green fluorescence (FL) emission of CsPbBr₃@MIP at 520 nm is quenched by CIP, enabling development of a turn-off sensor for CIP detection. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the CsPbBr₃@MIP showed a strong linear correlation with CIP concentration in a wide range of 0.05-10.0 mg/L, and the limit of detection was as low as 0.03 mg L^-1. The relative standard deviation of five replicate determination for 1.0 mg L^-1 CIP was 3.5%. Electron transfer between CIP and CsPbBr₃@MIP was asserted to be the primary FL quenching mechanism. The CsPbBr₃@MIP sensor was successfully applied to detect CIP in fresh fishes, yielding satisfactory recoveries of 91.3%-111.5% and high accuracy verified with the standard HPLC method.

：Improving drilling efficiency in compact hard rock remains a major challenge in deep formation engineering. This study investigates the failure behavior and enhancement mechanism of granite under coupled laser–mechanical drilling. Laser irradiation tests, mechanical drilling tests, and laser-assisted rock-breaking experiments were conducted on compact granite. A PDC cutter–rock interaction model and a laser–drill synergistic rock-breaking model were established using multi-scale indicators, including thermal-crack evolution, drilling-load response, fracture-surface morphology, cuttings characteristics, and mass-specific energy. The results show that laser irradiation significantly promotes crack initiation and accelerates the formation of interconnected thermal-crack networks, which provide pre-weakened pathways for subsequent mechanical cutting. A threshold laser power is identified. Below this threshold, rock fragmentation is mainly governed by localized compressive–shear crushing. Above it, the failure mode gradually shifts toward tensile–shear composite spalling. Under purely mechanical drilling, increasing the weight on bit from 0.5 to 1.5 kN increases the penetration depth from 1.00 to 6.03 mm and enlarges the cutting-groove diameter from 7.25 to 13.29 mm. After laser pretreatment, the fragmentation response is markedly enhanced. For instance, at 1000 W and 0.5 kN, increasing the irradiation duration from 10 to 40 s increases the cuttings mass from 3.3 to 70.4 g. Laser irradiation also reduces the mass-specific energy, with an optimal laser power of approximately 1000 W. These findings clarify the synergistic weakening and cutting mechanism of laser-assisted drilling and provide a mechanistic basis for efficient drilling in deep hard-rock formations.