High adsorption selectivities for benzene and cyclohexane of three covalent triazine frameworks have been prepared via Friedel–Crafts reactions.

Mo-Si compound-based ultrahigh temperature structural material (UHTM) is a new high-temperature structural material with great potential due to its high melting point, high hardness, and suitable density. As an important material to meet the demands of advanced high-temperature structural applications in the range 1200–1600 °C, in oxidizing and aggressive environments, it has attracted the attention of researchers in aerospace, energy, chemical industry, machinery, mechanical metallurgy, and other fields. This study could provide a reference for the research and application of Mo-Si intermetallic compounds as UHTMs. Based on their crystal structure and properties, we summarized the preparation, limitations, and modification methods of Mo-Si intermetallic compounds and reviewed the research progress in their toughness reinforcement and medium-temperature resistance improvement. Based on the literature review, there has been a certain level of progress in the research on modification of Mo-Si intermetallic compounds worldwide. However, both the high brittleness at room temperature and insufficient strength at high temperature have not been solved yet.

Zr-modified materials have an adsorption affinity for phosphate ions, but because of the cost of carrier materials, they are difficult to apply on a large scale. Herein, coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) was used as a carrier material and modified with Zr, and its dephosphorization performance was studied. A series of adsorbents with different CGCS/ZrOCl₂·8H₂O mass ratios were prepared, from which the adsorbent with a CGCS/ZrOCl₂·8H₂O mass ratio of 5 : 4 (denoted as CGCS-Zr4) was identified as the most promising for phosphate adsorption. The specific surface area of CGCS-Zr4 was much greater than that of raw CGCS (100.12 vs. 12.43 m² g⁻¹). CGCS-Zr4 showed good adsorption selectivity towards phosphate when competitive anions co-existed, and exhibited good reusability; the adsorption capacity in the fourth adsorption–desorption cycle remained above 11.98 mg g⁻¹. The adsorbent was also suitable for the continuous treatment of up to 830 and 743 bed volumes of synthesised and actual wastewater, respectively. The results of Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that CGCS not only plays the role of a carrier, but also that Ca and Al in CGCS play an important role in phosphate adsorption. Compared with other carrier materials such as biochar and synthetic zeolite, CGCS has the advantages of a large stockpile, low cost, and easy availability. In addition, the preparation of CGCS-Zr4 is simpler and more energy-saving. Zr-modified CGCS is a promising dephosphorization material.

A large number of natural aggregates are used in the field of construction materials, resulting in the exhaustion of natural aggregates. Therefore, looking for an alternative will slow down the consumption of natural aggregates. The sintering method not only consumes a lot of energy to prepare aggregates but also produces a lot of pollutants. In this study, silico-manganese (SM) slag was dried, ground into powder, and used as raw material. Solid and liquid alkaline activator methods were used to prepare SM slag non-burning aggregate (SMNA) by the cold bonding method. The effects of grinding time, amounts of solid and liquid alkaline activators, curing temperature, and the amount of added fly ash on aggregate properties were investigated. The aggregate microstructure was characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR methods, and the toxic leaching analysis of aggregate was performed. The results showed that with a fixed amount of liquid activator (16.2% wt.) and solid activator (15% wt.) and fly ash (20% wt.), respectively, and curing was performed at room temperature, the aggregate properties were optimal: the bulk density of 1236.6–1476.9 kg/m³ and the water absorption lower than 4.9–5.5%. The apparent density was 1973.1–2281.6 kg/m³, and the bulk crushing strength was 24.7–27.9 MPa. The XRD, SEM, and FTIR results indicated that amorphous gel could be formed from SM under an alkaline activator, improving the aggregate strength. The results of toxic leaching showed that the aggregate prepared from SM exhibited environmentally friendly characteristics. The SMNA was obtained via the simple and low-energy consumption production process, paving the new way toward large-scale utilization of SM.

Three coal-based solid wastes—fly ash (FA), gasification slag (GS), and coal gangue (CG)—were used to prepare functional soil (FGC) for the ecological restoration of mining areas. It not only solves the problem of shortage of soil resources in the mining area, but also realizes the resourceful use of coal-based solid waste. Investigating the functional soil physicochemical properties and oatgrass growth characteristics revealed the optimal functional soil ratios. Compared with the control (CK) at 30 d, the average pH of the FGC3 (FA: 50wt%; GS: 25wt%; CG: 25wt%) decreased from 9.54 to 8.54, the average organic matter content increased from 2.57% to 7.60%, and the average available potassium and ammonium nitrogen content increased from 38.02 to 2.83 mg⋅kg⁻¹ to 53.46 and 3.21 mg⋅kg⁻¹, respectively. Functional soil bulk density and porosity were superior to Sandy soil somewhere in Ningxia (SL) for GS and CG contents <25wt%. GS and CG significantly improved oatgrass agronomic traits. Compared with CK the average plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight of oatgrass in FGC3 increased from 17.68 cm, 0.99 mm, 0.09 g, and 0.02 g to 27.0 cm, 1.26 mm, 0.24 g, and 0.04 g, respectively. And chlorophyll content was increased by 20.39% compared with CK. This study verified the feasibility of the synergistic preparation of functional soils from three coal-based solid wastes and provides reference for the ecological restoration and large-scale utilization of coal-based solid wastes.