Polydopamine (PDA) has been gradually applied in wound healing of various types in the last three years. Due to its rich phenol groups and unique structure, it can be combined with a variety of materials to form wound dressings that can be used for chronic infection, tissue repair in vivo and serious wound healing. PDA complex has excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties, and it is a stable material that can be used for a long period of time. Unlike other dressings, PDA complexes can achieve both photothermal therapy and electro activity. In this paper, wound healing is divided into four stages: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cell adhesion and proliferation, and re-epithelialization. Photothermal therapy can improve the bacteriostatic rate and remove reactive oxygen species to inhibit inflammation. Electrical signals can stimulate cell proliferation and directional migration. With low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inflammatory factors are down-regulated and growth factors are up-regulated, forming regular collagen fibers and accelerating wound healing. Finally, five potential development directions are proposed, including increasing drug loading capacity, optimization of drug delivery platforms, improvement of photothermal conversion efficiency, intelligent electroactive materials and combined 3D printing.

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exo) containing various paracrine mediators have recently been recognized to promote functional recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their biomedical applications are hindered by limited possibilities for specific integration within the delivery systems. In this study, inspired by antibody‐antigen binding, we present an unprecedented assembly strategy that leverages immunoaffinity‐mimetic interactions of peptide‐aptamer (Peptide‐Apt _CD63 ) conjugates targeting CD63 markers on MSC‐Exo, yielding a hierarchical microstructure to enhance SCI repair. The conjugate, serving as the microgel scaffold, is synthesized by grafting azide‐modified Apt _CD63 onto poly(propargyl cysteine‐ co ‐γ‐propargyl‐ _L ‐glutamate). It exhibits excellent antioxidant capability to mitigate oxidative stress and immune responses at the injury site. In addition, this conjugate constrains the tethered MSC‐Exo within the lesion site during administration, yet its nuclease susceptibility allows for the release of MSC‐Exo to promote the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells and to direct their differentiation into neurons rather than astrocytes. These synergistic effects ultimately enhance neuroregeneration, thereby promoting the motor function recovery of SCI mice. Our work represents a pioneering effort in harnessing the specificity of immunoaffinity‐mimetic interactions between aptamers and biomacromolecules for the high‐performance assembly of chemically vulnerable biologics, facilitating widespread applications across materials science and life science.