Today’s children in developing countries are growing up in an increasingly stressful circumstance. As consumption of substances is increased, the of age of beginning is falling. Hence, this research examined street children’s drug abuse, their psychosocial actualities synchronized with intervention strategies. Explanatory sequential research design was employed. A total of 150 street children and four key informants were selected through simple random sampling using lottery methods and purposive sampling technique respectively. Questionnaire, interview guide, FGD probes and observation checklist were employed as tools of data collection. The result of the study portrayed that sniffing glue and gasoline were becoming the drugs of choice for most children living on the street. Further, street children faced various psychological and social strainsfrom absence of meeting their basic social needs and services to certain disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress. Government bodies’ interventions were limited andinconsistentthat only undergoesinformal education thatcould not bring considerable change; it lacks solidity and incompatibility with the number of street children runway over a time in the study area. In conclusion, most of the street children in South west Ethiopia are at adversary peak of drug abuse and psychosocial challenges. Thus, South-West areas Women and Children Affairs Offices, Labor and Social Affairs Offices and GOs and NGOs working on these matters ought to take these issues into greater consideration and act accordingly. In collaboration with professionals, they also need to work on drug free child sensitive preventive and rehabilitation counseling and other psychosocial support.

The purpose of the study was to examine psychosocial and personal level circumstances associated with ART non-adherence among HIV positive ART user clients in Debre Birhan referral hospital. This study used cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 122 participants were selected through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Adherence Attitude Inventory Scale and self-reported adherence questionnaire were administered. The result of chi square analysis revealed that social support, personal self-efficacy, age, marital status, religion, educational level and occupation had significant association with non-adherence at 95% CI, 6.371 (2, N =117) = 0.006, p< 0.05), 11.873 (2,N =117) = 0.012, p< 0.05), (x2) 5.630 (6,N =117) = 0.003, p< 0.05), 0.017 (6, N =117) =0.014, p< 0.05) and 14.497(6,=N=117) = 0.025, p< 0.05. No significant sex difference was observed in attitude towards ART adherence. Besides, the result of multiple regression also showed that only single, unemployment and vocational education were accounted for non- adherence to ART (β = .228, t (113) = 2.655, P< 0.05), (β = .297, t (114) = 3.451, p< 0.05) and ( β = .231, t (113) = 2.652, p< 0.05) respectively. Conclusively, Personal level factors; marital status (singlehood), unemployment and vocational education accounted for variance in adherence to ART. Thus, Counselors, social workers and health care providers should give adherence counseling and psycho education.