Energy issues are multifaceted and are not limited to power plants, biogas plants or transmission lines. They also include the production, usage and utilisation of batteries and accumulators, which are increasingly valuable due to, among other things, the decision to develop the production of electric cars. This article creates new ground by analysing the European Union management system of batteries and accumulators in the cause–effect context. This paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on the theory reviewed and the empirical case—a deep analysis of the Polish management system of batteries and accumulators. The findings show that the public institutions in the analysed European Union Member State—Poland—were not ready to create a fully coherent and effective oversight system on managing batteries and accumulators. It may limit the reliability of the European Union’s reporting on battery and accumulator management, which is a part of the European energy policy. The findings make two main contributions: first, they contribute to developing a theory of energy resource management; second, this article contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of the comprehensive management system of waste batteries and accumulators, which is an important part of the European Battery Alliance. Moreover, the avenues for further research emerged from the present study.

Wpływ globalizacji na zachowania konsumentów w województwie lubuskim w świetle badań

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of remote work in six areas of project management depending on the frequency of remote work. The study is of theoretical and empirical nature. The theoretical part presents the factors influencing remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its empirical part presents the employees’ opinions on the impact of working remotely (online) during the COVID-19 pandemic on working in project teams.Methodology: Literature review and critical analysis of web research. A study was conducted on a group of 82 respondents working remotely on projects, members of the Project Management Institute Poland Chapter (PMI PC). Six areas of project management were analysed, including: working time, communication, labour costs, work environment, risk of computer malfunction and conditions for teamwork. The data obtained through questionnaire surveys was analysed using a statistical package. Factor analysis was used for statistical analyses. To extract the factors, the principal components method was adopted, and the VARIMAX procedure was used as the rotation method. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.Findings: Project team employees discover a number of positive and negative effects of working remotely. The positive ones include: the possibility of adapting work to private life, greater punctuality of performed tasks, saving time and money as it is not necessary to travel to work, increased satisfaction with the effects of work and a sense of security against contracting the virus due to the lack of contact with other employees. The negative ones include: limited direct contact with other employees, no traditional conversations over coffee for discussions and conversations with colleagues, limited access to company resources, no financial support from the employer, increased costs of office work at home, susceptibility to cyber-attacks, increased stress due to problems with remote cooperation with other employees and weakening interpersonal relations.Implications: The study provides new evidence on the most salient risks and challenges faced by remote workers in project teams. They demonstrate different factors affecting remote work depending on the frequency it is performed.Originality/Value: The research results fill the research gap and broaden the knowledge about the impact of various factors on the remote work of project team employees during a pandemic. They constitute practical recommendations and are a source of knowledge for managers of various levels and employees working remotely.