The foremost wastage of bakery products which mainly disturbs the food supply chain, especially in remote areas, is fungal growth. Good quality bread, especially with good height and volume, is the demand of every customer. Here, we aimed to develop a unique antimicrobial approach for the enhancement of the quality aspects and longevity of bread, using the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in bread, the glucose oxidase (GOx) bioactivity, and oxidation of thiol protein bonds, which greatly enhance dough rheology, volume, and height by providing structural stability to the bread. An Aspergillus niger-purified enzyme was immobilized on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and afterwards immersed in a buffered solution to create a mixture of GOx/ZnONPs. Analyses conducted after localization revealed that the immobilized enzyme was more active than the mobilized enzyme. GOx/ZnONPs were employed in the mixing process of bread production. The treated and control groups were evaluated for dough rheology and quality metrics including bread height and volume and storage at ambient temperature and conditions to determine shelf life by demonstrating fungal growth. In addition, antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the microbiological load in terms of colony-forming units. Contrary to the control, the use of GOx/ZnONPs significantly improved bread quality, particularly bread height by 34.4%, crumb color, and volume by 30%. The shelf life of bread treated with GOx/ZnONPs was greatly extended, and the microbiological load, including yeast and mold, and total bacterial count were much lower in the GOx/ZnONPs treatment group than in the control group.

Diabetes is a life-threatening disease, and chronic diabetes affects parts of the body including the liver, kidney, and pancreas. The root cause of diabetes is mainly associated with oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species. Minocycline is a drug with a multi-substituted phenol ring and has shown excellent antioxidant activities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antidiabetic potential of minocycline-modified silver nanoparticles (mino/AgNPs) against alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The mino/AgNPs were synthesized using minocycline as reducing and stabilizing agents. UV-visible, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied for the characterization of mino/AgNPs. A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay was conducted to determine the antioxidant potential of newly synthesized mino/AgNPs. The results revealed that the mino/AgNPs showed higher radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 19.7 µg/mL) compared to the minocycline (IC₅₀ = 26.0 µg/mL) and ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 25.2 µg/mL). Further, mino/AgNPs were successfully employed to examine their antidiabetic potential against alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Hematological results showed that the mice treated with mino/AgNPs demonstrated a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile compared to the untreated diabetic group. A histopathological examination confirmed that the diabetic mice treated with mino/AgNPs showed significant recovery and revival of the histo-morphology of the kidney, central vein of the liver, and islet cells of the pancreas compared to the untreated diabetic mice. Hence, mino/AgNPs have good antidiabetic potential and could be an appropriate nanomedicine to prevent the development of diabetes.