The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three months of dietary intervention on menstrual cycle in young female athletes with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea.

We hypothesized that an intervention designed to increase the energy and nutrient intake could serve as an efficacious method to restore normal menstrual functions in athletes and ballet dancers. In this study, a 9-month nutritional intervention (NI) was conducted in 21 dancers and 31 athletes with menstrual disorders. Analyses of the body composition were performed, and the levels of LH, FSH, P, E2, TSH, T, PRL, SHBG, leptin, resting metabolic rate (RMR), energy and nutrient intake, total energy expenditure were estimated. The NI was based on an individual diet. The effects of the NI were controlled after 3, 6 and 9 months of use. The NI resulted in a significant change of the energy and nutrient intake. After 9 months, a significant increase in the LH level among dancers was observed, while in female athletes this effect was seen after 3 months of the NI use. The 9-month NI resulted in the restoration of regular menses in 3 dancers and 7 athletes, respectively. Women with regular cycles had a higher percentage of the fat mass (FM). A non-pharmacological intervention in female athletes and ballet dancers with menstrual disorders can restore regular menstrual cycles, although restoration of menses may take more than 1 year. An increase in the body fat mass may be one of the most important predictors of restoration of menses.

Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and course of endometriosis in adolescents with obstructive Müllerian anomalies. Methods: The study group involved 50 adolescents undergoing surgeries (median age 13.5 (range 11.1–18.5)) for rare obstructive malformations of the genital tract: 15 girls had anomalies associated with cryptomenorrhea and 35 were menstruating. The median follow-up period was 2.4 (ranging from 0.1 to 9.5) years. Results: We diagnosed endometriosis in 23 of the 50 subjects (46%), including 10 of the 23 patients (43.5%) with obstructed hemivagina ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome (OHVIRAS), six of eight patients (75%) with a unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating functional horn, two of three patients (66.7%) with distal vaginal aplasia, and five of five patients (100%) with cervicovaginal aplasia. Persistent dysmenorrhea, following treatment, affected 14 of the 50 adolescents (28%), including 8 of the 17 subjects (47.1%) diagnosed with endometriosis at the time of surgical correction and six adolescents diagnosed with endometriosis during the follow-up. Conclusions: Endometriosis affects about half of young adolescents undergoing surgical treatment of obstructive Müllerian anomalies after menarche. The incidence of endometriosis is highest in girls with cervical aplasia. The risk of developing endometriosis decreases after surgical correction of obstruction but is still significant in patients with uterine anomalies.

Article: Elite athletes and pubertal delay - Minerva Pediatrica 2017 October;69(5):415-26 - Minerva Medica - Journals