Begonia fritschiana from Mindanao Island is described as a new species endemic to the Philippines. This is the latest addition to the species-rich Begonia section Baryandra. It resembles Begonia caramoanensis but is distinguished by the consistent obliquely ovate leaves with shorter petioles, lamina glaucous abaxially and with marginal hairs, mostly solitary to singly-branched inflorescences with shorter white-glandular hairs on the pedicels and peduncle, one of the outer tepals pink, and glabrous ovary and ovary wings. Begonia fritschiana is known only from the type locality with one population and less than 100 individuals. The area is not currently protected under the country’s National Integrated Protected Areas System by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Because of ongoing threats such as illegal logging, poaching, and over collection of biological resources, the single area of occurrence with estimated extent < 10 km², and the small number of < 100 individuals, we recommend a classification of B. fritschiana as Critically Endangered.

A new endemic species, Nepenthes candalaga (Nepenthes sect. Alata) from Mt. Candalaga (eastern Mindanao, Philippines) is here described and illustrated. This new taxon resembles N. justinae but can be easily distinguished in having the lamina with 2‒3 longitudinal nerves, orbicular lid, non-bifid lid spur tip, triangular lid appendage, short banner-shaped trap wings, and absent upper pitcher rim. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CE) according to the IUCN criteria. This novelty is the 38th species of Nepenthes in Mindanao making the island with the highest concentration of Nepenthes species in the Philippines. This discovery increases the number of Nepenthes species in the Philippines to 61. The new taxon described faces threats of deforestation and habitat loss without legislative protection.

A new species, restricted in the limestone karst bonsai forest of the eastern Mindanao biodiversity corridor, Nepenthes kampalili grouped under section Villosa is herein described with a taxonomic key leading to the species. It differs from N. peltata in having apically attached tendril to leaf (vs. peltate tendril-leaf attachment), densely pubescent ground pitchers (vs. glabrous), densely pubescent lid dorsal surface (vs. glabrous), and occasionally has 2 pitcher spurs arising from the midsection of the peristome neck posterior (vs. one unbranched pitcher spur). The species described is assessed as Critically Endangered facing threats of poaching and habitat loss without legislative protection and calls for immediate conservation efforts. Further, due to a lack of description for the rosette stems bearing ground pitchers and male inflorescence of N. candalaga the latter plant parts are described herein.

A new mistletoe species, Amylotheca cleofei, from Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, Davao Oriental in the southern Philippines, is herein described and illustrated, representing a new species and genus record for the country. This species differs from other known Amylotheca species in terms of its distinctive reproductive and vegetative characters.