Background: The 2019 outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an worldwide health emergency that threatens mental health of general public. Research data are required to establish evidence-based approaches to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety during the outbreak. This study aimed to survey the general public in Saudi Arabia to help in understanding their levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The researchers performed an on-line survey using snowball sampling methods from April 1 through April 10, 2020. The online survey collected demographics information data, while the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) was used to measure anxiety level. Results: This study consisted of 709 respondents from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The general population reported mild to moderate rates of anxiety. Married respondents were associated with a significantly higher level of anxiety (p<0.05). Conclusions: The respondents reported mild to moderate anxiety during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Implication for practice: The results of this study identify the implications to lower levels of anxiety that may be used during the COVID-19 outbreak to develop mental health support programs to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups.

Aims. To examine the self-care behaviors of Saudi patients who had cardiac surgery after hospital discharge and to investigate how much variation in self-care behavior may be attributed to patients basic conditioning factors (BCFs). Background. Self-care behaviors following cardiac surgery should be appropriate for the patients circumstances to decrease hospital readmissions and maintain good health. Design. A cross-sectional design guided this study. Orems Theory of Self-Care was applied as a theoretical framework. Materials & Methods. The Self-Care Behavior Scale (SCBS) was used to gather data from 150 patients who experienced cardiac surgery after they were discharged from cardiac centers in two large cities in Saudi Arabia. Results. The two self-care behaviors performed most frequently concerned taking medications as prescribed. The other three self-care behaviors frequently performed were avoiding any strain, assessing all incisions for signs of infection, and contacting a physician if any signs of infection appeared. There was a statistically significant difference between patients total self-care behaviors according to their BCFs. Married patients reported significantly more self-care behaviors than single patients. Patients with only valve replacement (VR) surgery performed more self-care behaviors than the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and VR groups. These factors positively influence (61.2) self-care behavior and performance. Conclusion. Cardiac surgery patients showed moderate self-care behavior after being discharged from hospital. Furthermore, the results of this study showed statistically significant variation in patients' self-care behaviors based on their BCFs.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the specific learning needs of patients within the experimental group after receiving the Individualized Self-Care Program (ISCP) at two key time points: Time 2 (Day 2, Week 1) and Time 3 (Day 15, Week 3). Furthermore, it aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ISCP in improving self-care behavior between the experimental group and the control group, which received standard health education. Methods: The study utilized a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and included a consecutive sample of 128 patients who had undergone their first Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) procedure. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n 1 / 4 64) and the control group (n 1 / 4 64). The experimental group received an ISCP at Time 2 and Time 3 after being discharged, whereas the control group received standard health education. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests to assess differences in learning needs over time and Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effectiveness of the ISCP on self-care behavior. Results: A paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the total number of learning needs identified within the experimental group between Time 2 and Time 3 assessments. Patients in the experimental group initially identified more learning needs at Time 2 (4.3 +/- 1.5), but their knowledge significantly improved at Time 3, leading to fewer learning needs (2.6 +/- 1.1). Furthermore, an ANOVA comparing the experimental and control groups showed that the ISCP effectively improved self-care behavior in the experimental group, with significantly greater improvements compared to the control group, which received standard health education. Conclusion: ISCP delivered in early recovery enhances self-care behaviors and addresses postdischarge gaps. The study also revealed that patients' learning needs change over time during home recovery, emphasizing the importance of tailored self-care programs for CABG patients after discharge. Trial registration: IRCT registration number: ISRCTN96836216. (c) 2024 Korean Society of Nursing Science. Published by Elsevier BV. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Response to Letter in regards to Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Hemodialysis Patients in Hodeida City, Yemen [Letter]

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