With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous vehicles have been receiving more and more attention because they own many advantages compared with traditional vehicles. A robust and accurate vehicle localization system is critical to the safety and the efficiency of autonomous vehicles. The global positioning system (GPS) has been widely applied to the vehicle localization systems. However, the accuracy and the reliability of GPS have suffered in some scenarios. In this paper, we present a robust and accurate vehicle localization system consisting of a bistatic passive radar, in which the performance of localization is solely dependent on the accuracy of the proposed off-grid direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm. Under the framework of sparse Bayesian learning (SBL), the source powers and the noise variance are estimated by a fast evidence maximization method, and the off-grid gap is effectively handled by an advanced grid refining strategy. Simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits better performance than the existing sparse signal representation-based algorithms, and performs well in the vehicle localization system.

Radar target characteristics need to be accurately extracted to enhance the role of high-frequency (HF) radar target recognition technology in modern radar, sea and air monitoring, and other applications. The pole characteristics of radar targets have become a mainstream research focus because of their inherent advantages for target recognition. However, existing pole extraction methods for complex targets generally have problems in early- and late-time responses aliasing and target information loss. To avoid this problem, this study proposes a new method to extract radar target poles based on the special particle swarm optimization algorithm (SPSO) and an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. This method, which does not involve the distinction between early-and late-time responses, is used to estimate an approximation of the entire scattering echo of the target. Then the parameters of the model are precisely optimized with the help of a particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with opposition-based learning and inertia weight decreasing. Strategy. Owing to the characteristics of the azimuth consistency of the target poles, a sliding window is used to calibrate the positions of multi-azimuth poles in the complex plane. The method was demonstrated to be feasible with good performance when it was applied to extract the pole features of ships at different azimuths in the high-frequency band.

This paper establishes a distributed multistatic sky-wave over-the-horizon radar (DMOTHR) model and proposes a semidefinite relaxation positioning (SDP) algorithm to locate marine ship targets. In the DMOTHR, it is difficult to locate the target due to the complexity of the signal path propagation. Therefore, this paper uses the ionosphere as the reflector to convert the propagation path from a polyline to a straight line for establishing the model, and then the SDP algorithm will be used to transform a highly nonlinear positioning optimization problem into a convex optimization problem. Finally, it is concluded through the simulations that the SDP algorithm can obtain better positioning accuracy under a certain Doppler frequency error and ionospheric measurement error.

The extraction algorithm of target characteristics resonance set at the high-frequency band plays a significant role in defense applications like early warning. The paper proposes a new method to extract the characteristic resonance set of radar targets in the resonance frequency region using an autoregressive moving average model optimized by root mean square propagation particle swarm optimization. Considering that the total scattering response in the resonant region consists of early-time and late-time responses, the autoregressive moving average model approximate the total scattering responses to avoid errors caused by intercepting the late-time response. Further, the paper investigated the impact of the swarm optimization algorithm on the accuracy of moving average model parameters when obtaining the resonance set at different target aspects. The extracted characteristic resonance results within a range of azimuth directions through an aircraft target paradigm indicate that the new method is more convenient and precise than the matrix beam prediction method.