Gingivitis is a common and mild form of periodontal disease and can be described as a limited inflammation of the gingiva. This study aims to develop and characterize rapid releasing mucoadhesive fibers containing ornidazole with electrospinning process for the treatment of gingivitis. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was chosen as a polymer and used at different concentrations of 10%, 12.5% and 15%. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that fiber diameters increased with increasing polymer concentrations. Tensile strength and elongation at break values of fibers increased with increasing PVP amount, whereas the loading of ornidazole into the fibers decreased these parameters. The contact angle values of all fibers were found to be 0° due to the hydrophilic nature of PVP. Ornidazole was released within 5 minutes and diffused from all of the fibers faster than that of gel and solution formulations. Electrospun ornidazole fibers were found efficient against Porphyromonas gingivalis in antimicrobial activity studies. The results demonstrated that ornidazole loaded fibers could be a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of gingivitis.

Bee products produced in environments with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be contaminated by these compounds. Propolis usually consists of beeswax, resins, water, inorganic and phenolic substances, and essential oils. Although there are some studies on the detection of POPs in honey and some bee products, these are quite limited. Because propolis is a botanical-based and highly complex matrix, and thus difficult to analyze, a reliable and selective method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the propolis. All analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm and 6 °C in a refrigerated centrifuge. The samples were filtered using a homemade SPE cartridge containing C18, primary-secondary amine, and magnesium sulfate. The residue collected with acetonitrile was subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed method was validated according to the Eurachem guidelines and applied directly to the collected propolis samples. The results show that the method may be used successfully in residue monitoring laboratories for the determination of OCPs, PCBs and PBDEs in propolis.