Energy transfer in mixed convection unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible nanofluid inside a channel filled with saturated porous me

The shape effect of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles suspended in water-based nanofluids with mixed convection flow inside a channel filled with saturated porous medium is studied. The radiation effect is also considered. One of the boundary walls of the channel is oscillating in its own plane. Four different shapes (platelet, blade, cylinder, and brick) of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles inside a water, chosen as a conventional base fluid are used. The partial differential equations governed the problem are solved analytically by using perturbation method. Solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained and discussed graphically. A comparison of different shapes of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles is analyzed. Results show that, nanoparticles with platelet and cylinder shapes have the highest thermal conductivity and viscosity compared to blade and brick shapes.

Magnetic actuation is a fundamental enabling technology for micro/nanorobotics and biomedical manipulation. However, the trade-off between magnetic field gradient, usable workspace, and efficient heat dissipation often conflicts and constrains its performance. Here, we present an enhanced electromagnetic manipulation system (EEMS) based on a compact, high-efficiency magnetic circuit and an optimized six-electromagnet configuration. By integrating high-permeability structural components and employing finite-element-based optimization, the system achieves a spherical workspace of 106 mm in diameter while maintaining strong and spatially controllable magnetic fields. Experimental results demonstrate magnetic flux densities up to 300 mT and a magnetic field gradient up to 9.5 T/m within the workspace, with a central magnetic field gradient of approximately 2 T/m under continuous operation at 3 A. Thermal simulations and measurements confirm safe operation below human body temperature without active cooling. Magnetic manipulation experiments in viscous environments further validate precise motion control and force balancing, highlighting the system’s potential for advanced magnetic manipulation and intelligent microrobotic applications.

Legacy bearing-roller superfinishing machines display operating settings on analog dials without digital interfaces, leaving their parameter histories unavailable to supervisory systems. We developed digital-twin-assisted spatio-temporal robust gauge recognition (DT-ASTR), which combines shared seven dial geometry, calibrated proposal consensus, and separately inspectable observation and history streams. Evaluation uses the original 181 timestamp manual record, a second 15.57 s constant setting recording, and 23 procedurally rendered videos, with 864 candidate-level episodes providing a separate estimator stress test. On five pressure channels excluding unresolved G3, DT-ASTR achieves a retrospective manual record discrepancy of 0.00433 MPa compared with 0.01123 MPa for the refitted original reader; on the second recording, its discrepancy is 0.01154 MPa at 93.75% coverage. Conventional reader comparisons and rendered video tests distinguish reading discrepancy, coverage, and temporal fidelity, supporting an auditable, low-intrusion route to offline equipment history reconstruction within the tested panel configuration.