Peatlands support the daily needs of people in many villages in Indonesia, including in Central Kalimantan Province. They provide the natural resources to enable fisheries, agriculture, plantations, and forestry. However, peatland utilization comes with various challenges, including fire, soil acidity, inundation, low fertility, and limited choice of suitable species. Many of the current uses of peatland can result in its degradation, oxidation, and increased risk of peat fire. Avoiding further environmental degradation will require the development of new technology that allows the community to both earn a livelihood and protect the peatland. In this study we assessed a range of technologies applied by 14 farmers at Tumbang Nusa village, Central Kalimantan province, in managing degraded peatlands in their home yard for agricultural business. The study shows that for endemic peatland species, good success can be achieved if they are planted directly. However, for species endemic to mineral land, there are four technologies applied by farmers in managing degraded peatland. The choice of technologies is influenced by their economic capacity/cash flow flexibility and their understanding of peatlands. Technologies intended to adapt to land inundation include the use of polybags, development of raised beds, and making peat mounds with mineral soil in the centre. Technologies to address the acidity and soil fertility include amelioration with dolomite lime and fertilizer. The use of polybags filled with peat soil is the easiest technology to adopt and can be conducted by all family members. However, a farmer’s choice of technology needs to always consider the potential environmental impacts in addition to increasing soil fertility so that peat conservation is maintained.

Traditional ecological knowledge becomes difficult to apply in areas where natural resources have been degraded. This is experienced by people living on degraded peatlands in Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan Province. They are confused to determine the appropriate livelihood. This paper aims to analyse the community’s understanding of peatlands and the causes of their destruction, as well as livelihood options to survive on degraded peatlands. Data are collected from 24 randomly selected families and analysed descriptively qualitatively. The analysis shows that the respondents are aware that their peatlands have been degraded and the reason is the unsuitable program that is applied on peatlands. Options for survival can be grouped into two. Around 58% of respondents remain on their ancestral livelihoods and do not cultivate on the peatland, and 42% of respondents chose to occupy the peatlands. They farm on peatlands with considerable risk, raise livestock and do business. Some are still catching fish in the river. Respondents’ choice of livelihood bases on their knowledge of peatland, calculation of potential failure, family’s economic capacity, and outside assistance. The study recommends the importance of providing communities with knowledge about social and environmental safeguards to help them determine their livelihoods with minimal risk.

THE SUCCESS OF COMMUNITY FOREST DEVELOPMENT: CASE AT TANGGAMUS DISTRICT, LAMPUNG PROVINCE