Functional nano-systems have been applied as a promising strategy for transdermal drug delivery and skin therapy.

Microfluidics-mediated NDDS show uniform morphology, size and size distribution, reduced batch-to-batch variations and controllable drug delivering capacity.

Two-dimensional (2D) graphene (GRA) and polyaniline (C ₃ N) monolayers are attracting growing research interest due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties. In this work, in-plane and out-of-plane phonon thermal conduction of GRA–C ₃ N heterobilayer are systematically investigated by using classical molecular dynamics simulations. Effects of system size, temperature and interlayer coupling strength on the in-plane thermal conductivity ( k ) and out-of-plane interfacial thermal resistance ( R ) are evaluated. Firstly, a monotonic increasing trend of k with increasing system size is observed, while a negative correlation between thermal conductivity and temperature is revealed. The interlayer coupling strength is found to have a weak effect on the in-plane thermal conductivity of the heterobilayer. Secondly, at T = 300 K and χ = 1, the predicted R of GRA → C ₃ N and C ₃ N → GRA are 1.29 × 10 ⁻⁷ K m ² W ⁻¹ and 1.35 × 10 ⁻⁷ K m ² W ⁻¹ , respectively, which indicates that there is no significant thermal rectification phenomenon. It can also be observed that R decreases monotonically with increasing temperature and coupling strength due to the enhanced Umklapp phonon scattering and the phonon transmission probability across the interface. Phonon density of states, phonon dispersions and participation ratios are evaluated to reveal the mechanism of heat conduction in the heterobilayer. This work contributes the valuable thermal information to modulate the phonon behaviors in 2D heterobilayer based nanoelectronics.