Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 is a novel probiotic isolated from dadih, an Indonesian traditional fermented buffalo milk. It’s in vitro and in vivo probiotic properties have been assessed. Probiotic function has been shown in vivo by the suppression of allergic reactions in BALB/c mice through the action of T-regulatory cells cytokines by balancing Th1 and Th2 immune response. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterised by the imbalance of Th1 and Th2. The aim of the study was to assess the probiotic function of L. plantarum IS-10506 in children with mild and moderate AD. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing microencapsulated L. plantarum IS-10506 (10¹⁰ cfu/day) and placebo (skim milk-Avicel) twice daily for 12 weeks was conducted in an outpatient clinic on children with mild and moderate AD. The trial included 22 AD children divided into intervention and control groups of n=12 and n=10 patients, respectively. Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+)/IL-10, and IL-17 levels were assessed. Demographic and baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. SCORAD and levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were significantly lower in the probiotic group than those in the placebo group, while the IgE levels were not significantly changed. The ratio of Foxp3+ to IL-10 was significantly higher in the probiotic group than that in placebo group. Supplementation with the probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 offered a potential treatment for children with AD. Further long-term studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of L. plantarum IS-10506 in AD.

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis, and Hepatitis B can cause a health burden and lead to morbidity and mortality in children. An attempt to eliminate the transmission has been made worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the triple elimination of MKT for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Methods: We evaluated 690 medical records of new pregnant women seeking antenatal care (ANC) in a tertiary hospital in the east part of Indonesia from January to December 2018. Results: HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B testing were performed on 97 patients (14.1%). HIV and hepatitis B, HIV and syphilis, and syphilis and hepatitis B testing were performed on 149 (21.6%), 6 (0.9%), and 6 (0.9%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B was 4.2%, 0.4%, and 3.8%, respectively. HIV treatment by administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) was done in 86.2% of patients. Injection of benzathine penicillin Gas the treatment of syphilis was done in 66.7% of syphilis patients. HBV DNA examination followed by tenofovir administration was done in 3.8% of hepatitis B patients. Conclusion: The testing rate of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B in pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in the east part of Indonesia in 2018 (14.1%) was below the target set by World Health Organization (>= 95%). Increasing access to antenatal screening as early detection is the key to preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common dermatosis in children, that includes skin architecture defects, immune dysregulation, and changes of skin flora. Several new drugs have been found to reduce the severity of AD. Vitamin D is one of the new therapies that is still controversial. The purpose of this research is to conclude the efficacy of vitamin D on atopic dermatitis severity in children aged 0-18 years old. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Clinical Trial website, and university repositories including studies published from January 2010 through October 2020. We compared populations, intervention, study design, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was done with Review Manager 5.4.1. Results: Eight articles met eligibility and inclusion criteria, four articles provided complete data and were analysed. Not all studies demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D but a meta-analysis of four studies of vitamin D supplementation vs placebo found a mean difference of -0.93 (95%CI -1.76, to -0.11, p<0.001) of patient outcome, but statistically, there was no difference in cure rate (risk ratio 1.46 (95%CI 0.72, to 2.97, p=0.008) in vitamin D supplementation groups compared to placebo groups. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation in paediatric atopic dermatitis patients could offer improvement of disease severity but the recommended dose and duration of administration cannot be concluded yet.

Immunological non-response (INR) to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a critical concern for PLHIV, characterized by inadequate CD4⁺ T-cell recovery despite virological suppression. This retrospective study analyzed medical records of virologically suppressed adult PLHIV on ART (2004–2024) at two hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia, using four operational categories to identify clinical and demographic determinants of INR. Patients were classified as immunological responders (IRs) or non-responders (INRs) based on four definitions: INR1 (CD4⁺ gain < 100 cells/mm³), INR2 (CD4⁺ < 350 cells/mm³), INR3 (meeting of either criterion), and INR4 (meeting of both criteria). Of 464 patients, 382 were analyzed. Baseline CD4⁺ < 200 cells/mm³ strongly predicted INR2 (aOR = 5.60, 95% CI: 2.95–10.62) and INR3 (aOR = 4.46, 95% CI: 2.39–8.29), while anal sexual transmission was protective against INR2 (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19–0.92) and INR3 (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19–0.89). By month 12, IR groups had over 350 CD4⁺ cells/mm³, with faster recovery slopes in months 0–6 (IR: >20 vs. INR: <10 cells/mm³/month). INR1 and INR4 had flat or negative slopes at 12–24 months, while IR groups had positive slopes. Baseline CD4⁺ was the strongest INR predictor, suggesting the value of early ART and individualized care for Indonesian PLHIV.

Background: Syphilis infection and HIV are major health problems worldwide. Both of these diseases can be transmitted through sexual contact, so often a person suffers from both diseases at the same time. Purpose: To describe the risk factors of syphilis and HIV/AIDS coinfection in the Infectious Disease Intermediate Treatment Unit (UPIPI) inpatient and outpatient ward of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in 2019. Methods: The study design used in this study is a retrospective descriptive study aimed at evaluating sexual and non-sexual factors that cause syphilis and HIV coinfection. The research population was patients in the inpatient and outpatient rooms of UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya for the January-December 2019 period. The sampling technique was sourced from secondary data, namely medical record data from the inpatient and outpatient rooms of UPIPI RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya for the period January-December 2019. The data in this study were obtained from medical records and patient biodata. Result: Based on the calculation results, it is known that age group (P=0.022>0.05), and gender (P=0.024>0.05) had no effect on the risk of syphilis and HIV coinfection, while marital status (P=0.048<0.05), sexual orientation (P=0.048<0.05), transmission model (P=0.044<0.05), and type of work (P=0.046<0.05fected the risk of syphilis and HIV coinfection. Conclusion: People with HIV/AIDS are expected to be active in participating in programs that are needed by patients, such as antiretroviral (ARV) therapy assistance programs and counseling that will prolong the quality of life in various aspects of life, both physical, psychological and social aspects.

Background: Triple elimination, which is an activity to control the transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and hepatitis B from pregnant women to babies in Indonesia, has very minimal data regarding progress and current conditions. This study aims to identify the Triple Elimination profile at community health centers in Putat Jaya, Dupak, and Perak Timur, Surabaya.