Traditional Medicine (TM) has a wide uptake in most countries. In China, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a common kind of primary health because of its beneficial effects. This review aimed to appraise the publication reporting quality of economic evaluations for selective TCM in the National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL), Version 2020, based on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement. Electronic databases were searched for economic evaluation that supported the TCM negotiations in NRDL (2020 version) published from 2001 to 2021, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, and SinoMed. The CHEERS statement was used to appraise the reporting quality of included TCM economic evaluations. A total of 360 articles were retrieved, but only 38 economic evaluations met the inclusion criteria. None of the articles reported all items in the CHEERS checklist. The mean score of included articles is low at 10.93±2.62, with an average scoring rate of 51.31±10.53%. The least reported items included: "Characterizing heterogeneity," "Conflicts of interest", "Discount rate," and "Study perspective," with a reporting rate of 0.00%, 5.26%, 7.89%, and 15.79%, respectively. An upward trend occurred in the quantity and quality of the economic evaluation publications of TCM in China. TCM economic evaluations are still at an early stage, with an urgent need for improving reporting quality. It may result from research experiences or different ideas between TCM and Western Medicine. Adhering to reporting guidelines like CHEERS and educating economic evaluation investigators can improve TCM economic evaluations' reporting quality.

Aim: To evaluate the cost–effectiveness of intravitreal aflibercept compared with macular laser photocoagulation and ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME) in China. Methods: A Markov model was developed to reflect the vision changes in DME patients. Parameters were estimated from VIVID-EAST trial data, published literature and physician surveys. Results: In a 20-year horizon, intravitreal aflibercept was associated with 7.825 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and 217,841 Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY), laser photocoagulation was associated with 7.189 QALYs and 135,489 CNY, and ranibizumab was associated with 7.462 QALYs and 222,477 CNY. The incremental cost–effectiveness ratios were 129,397 CNY/QALY and -12,774 CNY/QALY for intravitreal aflibercept versus laser photocoagulation and ranibizumab, respectively. Conclusion: Intravitreal aflibercept was considered as a cost-effective strategy for DME when compared with laser photocoagulation; it was considered as a dominant strategy when compared with ranibizumab.

Aim: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of three major programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing assays in guiding immunotherapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China, and to provide empirical evidence on the selection of cost-effective diagnostics to support the immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy regimens for NSCLC patients. Materials & methods: From a healthcare system perspective, a decision tree model was constructed to simulate the cost and effectiveness of employing VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) Assay, Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 assay, and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate in advanced NSCLC patients in China. The cost-effectiveness of Ventana PD-L1 IHC SP263 assay compared with other testing methods was assessed through the incremental analysis. The robustness of the base case analysis results was validated by one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: The VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) Assay, which can guide multiple immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies (e.g., atezolizumab and pembrolizumab) for advanced NSCLC patients, achieved a higher percentage of successfully diagnosed and treated, and a higher quality-adjusted life-year at a lower cost compared with Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 assay and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate. The robustness of the base case results was confirmed by both one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: The VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) Assay is cost-effective compared with Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 assay and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate for the immunotherapy treatment for advanced NSCLC patients in China.