Sustainable generation is impacted by the adoption of renewable energy, the growth of energy markets, and economic strategies. This paper offers a sustainable strategy and a technoeconomic analysis of off-grid hybrid energy systems (HES) in remote islands of Iran, including Lavan, Larak, and Failaka, utilizing PV module, wind turbine, and hydrokinetic turbines. Hourly wind speed, solar irradiation, and hydrovelocity have been implemented under load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC) dispatch strategies in order to ascertain the most appropriate systems. Lavan Island achieves the winning HES with a CC dispatch strategy, which consists of 3 hydroelectric turbines, 1 wind turbine, 349 kW of solar power, 150 kW of generator power, 316 kWh of batteries, and 287 kW of the converter. This ideal HES, which generates a consistent generation profile and reasonable net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) of M0.160$ and $0.013 kWh, respectively, can be practically attained in these areas. LF-controlled optimal solutions use less fuel than CC-based ones, leading to a higher share of renewable energy. Compared to Larak and Lavan, the CC- and LF-controlled options on Failaka Island generate cleaner electricity with emissions that are 57% and 44% lower. Regarding the ability to recoup the project’s initial investment costs, long-term energy production would be more financially viable than short-term. Short-term projects with higher financial uncertainty due to the salvage cost should use the CC method.

Photovoltaic (PV) panel has received attention due to its environmental advantages; however, It has yet to achieve the desired efficiency and economic maturity. In this regard, PV tracking techniques play a pivotal role in maximizing the performance of the PV system. The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal scenario for obtaining the highest efficiency and profitability for a rural household in Africa. The tracking options include fixed-tilt (FT), horizontal axis (HM), vertical axis (HV), and dual-axis tracker (DA) using to discover the lowest cost between LF and CC dispatch strategies. The optimal solution according to the lowest net present cost (NPC) as an optimization indicator is identified, and then sensitivity analysis is conducted to generalize the results for other technical, economic, and climate conditions. The FT-based solution indicates the profitable option with NPC, levelized energy cost (LCOE), and CO₂ emissions of $13.7k, $0.258/kWh, and 281.11 kg/year, respectively. The increase in SOC_min values would escalate reliance on the DG to meet the required load, resulting in higher NPC and CO₂ emissions. The highest and lowest increase of NPC by raising fuel price is found under DA and FT trackers, respectively. PV production and the renewable fraction of FT-based and HM-based hybrid systems are more sensitive to changing albedo. Comparison with the previous paper also shows that the optimal HES has $58k and $0.005/kWh lower values of NPC and LCOE, respectively, to satisfy the same load demand.