Background. The purpose of this article was to examine the association of sleep duration and physical activity and their interactions on mental health disorders in American children aged 6‐17 years. Methods. Data were analyzed from the combined 2017‐2018 National Survey of Children’s health. Ultimately, a total of 36370 children aged 6‐17 years were selected as the samples. Weighted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Insufficient sleep duration was associated with an increased risk for current anxiety, depression, and behavior/conduct problems (odds ratio = 1.449, 1.991, 1.375; 95% confidence interval: 1.313‐1.702, 1.648‐2.406, 1.162‐1.627). Insufficient physical activity was associated with an increased risk for current anxiety (odds ratio = 1.448; 95% confidence interval: 1.230‐1.706) and depression (odds ratio = 1.743; 95% confidence interval: 1.304‐2.329). In addition, additive interactions between sleep duration and physical activity were observed on current anxiety and depression. Conclusions. Insufficient sleep duration and insufficient physical activity in children were associated with mental health disorders. There is a synergistic interaction effect between insufficient sleep duration and insufficient physical activity on current anxiety and current depression.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue posing serious harm to the human health. Many studies have suggested that smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors for TB. Laboratory evidence suggests that EGCG in tea leaves can arrest the growth of tubercle bacillus. Can drinking tea lead to decreased susceptibility of TB in humans? A total of 574 TB patients and 582 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case–control study. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associations between tea drinking and TB. Tea drinking has a negative association with TB, with OR = 0.583(0.423, 0.804) and P < 0.05. Drinking black tea, oolong and green tea are all negative association with TB, with OR being 0.683(0.517, 0.902), 0.674(0.508, 0.894) and 0.534(0.349, 0.817) respectively and P < 0.05. Trend χ2 test indicated a decreasing risk for TB with increased tea consumption, with P < 0.05. There is a significance negative association between tea drinking and TB. Promoting the consumption of tea as the daily drink among populations, particularly those with high TB risk, may reduce the incidence of TB in the populations.

Background: Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities widely used in a variety of consumer products. Evidence for the effects of phthalate exposure on liver function in adolescents is lacking.Methods: Data were analyzed from the combined 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Ultimately, a total of 1,650 adolescents aged 12–19 years were selected as the samples. Weighted linear regression was used to investigate the effects of urinary phthalate metabolites on liver function indexes.Results: Weighted Linear regression models showed that MCOP was negatively associated with TBIL (β = −0.0435, P_FDR = 0.007), ΣDEHP (β = −0.0453, P_FDR = 0.003) and MCOP (β = −0.0379, P_FDR = 0.006) were negatively correlated with ALB, while MCPP was positively correlated with ALB (β = 0.0339, P_FDR = 0.024), and MCOP was negatively correlated with TP (β = −0.0551; P_FDR = 0.004).Conclusions: Phthalate metabolites were significantly but weakly associated with changes in liver function indicators among US adolescents. Future work should further examine these relationships.

Sexual violence and physical fighting are independent risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. However, whether the concurrence of these two risk factors increases the risk of suicidal behaviors among ideators, and by how much that risk increases are unknown. This study analyzed data from the 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Students who reported having seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year were included (n = 1755). The associations between physical fighting/sexual violence status and the risk of suicide attempt/plan/attempt requiring medical intervention were estimated. The concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence substantially increased the relative risk of attempted suicide (adjusted relative risk, adRR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.72, 2.29) and attempted suicide requiring medical intervention (adRR = 4.07, 95% CI 2.84, 5.85; subgroup analyses: among women, adRR = 3.33, 95% CI 2.14, 5.17; among men, adRR = 6.25, 95% CI 3.32, 12.28). Among students who had experienced concurrent physical fighting and sexual violence, more suicide-attempt-associated health-risk behaviors were reported by men (median = 14) than women (median = 12) (p = 0.0023). The concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence among adolescent suicide ideators was shown to be significantly associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide. A wide variety of health-risk behaviors were shown to cluster with the concurrence of physical fighting and sexual violence. This was especially the case among men, consistent with their higher rate of attempted suicide requiring medical intervention.

The aim was to investigate the association between mixed exposure to phthalates and serum thyroid function among US adolescents. The study used 2007–2008 survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data on urinary phthalates metabolites and serum thyroid function indicators were collected. The weighted multivariable linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were used to analyze the relationship between phthalates metabolites and thyroid function. A total of 356 adolescents aged 12–19 years were included in the analysis. Linear regression models showed that mono-(carboxyisoctyl) phthalate (MCOP) was positively correlated with total triiodothyronine (TT3) (β = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.022, 0.068) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = 0.1461, 95% CI 0.059, 0.232), while mono-(carboxyisononyl) phthalate (MCNP) was negatively correlated with TSH (β = − 0.119, 95% CI − 0.196, − 0.042). BKMR analyses showed phthalate metabolites mixtures have significantly positive overall effect on TT3. Exposure to phthalate mixtures might be positively correlated with increased TT3 serum level in US adolescents. The study provided evidence for the association between mixed phthalates exposure and thyroid health in adolescent population.

To explore the effect of low-level lead exposure on renal dysfunction in paint works, and analyze the interaction between low-level lead exposure and other influence factors of renal dysfunction. Seven hundred forty seven workers from Sany Heavy Industry Company and Xiangjiang Kansai Paint Company who have been exposed to paint were chosen by random cluster sampling. Their blood lead level and Urine β2-micro globulin level (renal dysfunction) were tested,risk factors of renal dysfunction in paint workers and their interactions were analyzed. The prevalence of renal dysfunction was 12.37%. Risk factors of renal dysfunction in paint workers mainly included longer working years (OR = 1.699, 95% CI: 1.226~ 2.355), blood lead positive (OR = 2.847, 95% CI: 1.577~ 5.139) and hypertension (OR = 2.192, 95% CI: 1.103~ 4.359). Positive interaction existed between hypertension and low-level blood lead on renal dysfunction in paint workers, the RERI (Relative excess risk of interaction), API (Attributable proportions of interaction) and S(the synergy index) were 4.758, 54.5% and 2.604 respectively. Low-level lead exposure and hypertension not only have independent effect on renal dysfunction in paint workers, but also had obvious positive interaction in paint workers. Interventions aimed at blood lead and blood pressure at the same time will better prenvent from renal dysfunction.