The novel complex combination of alum, CpG ODN and HH2 as adjuvant in cancer vaccine effectively suppresses tumor growth in vivo The novel complex combination of alum, CpG ODN and HH2 as adjuvant in cancer vaccine effectively suppresses tumor growth in vivo

Method of soft metal (Cu) strengthening of Ti₃SiC₂ was conducted to increase the hardness and improve the wear resistance of Ti₃SiC₂. Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites containing 15 vol.% Cu were fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) in a vacuum. The effect of the sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated in detail. The as-synthesized composites were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron micrography (SEM), optical micrography (OM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The results indicated that the constituent of the Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites sintered at different temperatures included Ti₃SiC₂, Cu₃Si and TiC. The formation of Cu₃Si and TiC originated from the reaction between Ti₃SiC₂ and Cu, which was induced by the presence of Cu and the de-intercalation of Si atoms Ti₃SiC₂. OM analysis showed that with the increase in the sintering temperature, the reaction between Ti₃SiC₂ and Cu was severe, leading to the Ti₃SiC₂ getting smaller and smaller. SEM measurements illustrated that the uniformity of the microstructure distribution of the composites was restricted by the agglomeration of Cu, controlling the mechanical behaviors of the composites. At 1000 °C, the distribution of Cu in the composites was relatively even; thus, the composites exhibited the highest density, relatively high hardness and compressive strength. The relationships of the temperature, the current and the axial dimension with the time during the sintering process were further discussed. Additionally, a schematic illustration was proposed to explain the related sintering characteristic of the composites sintered by SPS. The as-synthesized Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites were expected to improve the wear resistance of polycrystalline Ti₃SiC₂.

Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites with different Cu content were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process in vacuum and the effect of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical property was investigated. The axial displacement, temperature and current of the composites during the sintering process were recorded and discussed. The phase compositions of the original Ti₃SiC₂ and Cu powder before and after ball-milling, and the as-produced composites were studied by XRD analysis. The surface morphology and fracture surface of the composites were investigated by SEM. The influence of Cu content on the relative density, hardness and compressive strength of the composites was inquired. The results discovered that the phase composition of Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites varied with the content of Cu. The phase composition of the Ti₃SiC₂/5 vol% Cu composite was composed of Ti₃SiC₂, Ti₅Si₃ and Cu₃Si, while that of Ti₃SiC₂/10 vol% Cu composite and Ti₃SiC₂/15 vol% Cu composite contained TiC, besides Ti₃SiC₂, Ti₅Si₃ and Cu₃Si. Moreover, the relative density of all Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites was relatively high (≥93%). With the increase of Cu content, the axial displacement, hardness and compressive strength of the Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composites increased. Conclusively, the Ti₃SiC₂/Cu composite with 15 vol% Cu exhibited better mechanical properties.