Photocatalytic hydrogen production by water splitting is one of the most effective strategies for solar energy conversion and utilization. The metal-free polymeric carbon nitride (CN) has been widely used as an efficient photocatalyst for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, to date, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of the CN-based photocatalysts is still low. Herein, to boost the photocatalytic activity of CN, controllable phosphorus atoms were introduced to form P-doped CN (PCN) via an evacuated ampoule calcination strategy. Compared with bare CN, the optimized PCN exhibits remarkably enhanced photocatalytic HER activity, with the HER rate up to 261.2 µmol h⁻¹ and 171.6 µmol h⁻¹ under the simulated solar light and visible-light illumination, respectively. It was revealed that the boosted photocatalysis for HER is mainly ascribed to the P dopants that can synergetically increase the visible-light absorption and facilitate the charge transfer process. This present work highlights improving the photocatalytic energy conversion efficiency by controllable tuning of the heteroatom doping degree in photocatalysts.

Metal ion doping is a common modification method to improve the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, Ga-doped V₂O₅ lithium-ion battery cathode material was successfully prepared by solvent thermal method. X-ray studies show that a small amount of Ga-doped will not change the orthogonal crystal structure of V₂O₅. Ga-doped tends to form flower-like V₂O₅, which is beneficial to the extraction and embedding of lithium ions. When the molar ratio of doping amount Ga:V is 4:100, the battery exhibits good electrochemical performance. When the current density is 50 mA·g⁻¹, the first discharge specific capacity reaches to 357.18 mAh·g⁻¹. Capacity retention rate is still 73% after 20 cycles. When the current density is 200 mA·g⁻¹, the capacitance still reaches to 150.35 mAh·g⁻¹ after 100 cycles, and the retention rate is as high as 60%. Compared with pristine V₂O₅, the capacity retention rate increased by 11.67% after 100 cycles.