Controlling the interfacial chemical and physical properties, and thus modulating the behaviours of cells and biomolecules on material surfaces, form an important foundation for the development of high-performance biomaterials and devices. Biological systems in nature exhibit unique features in this aspect. The first one is that the superior properties of natural biomaterials are normally not determined by their bulk properties, but more related to the multi-scale micro- and nanostructures on the surface; the second is that biological systems usually utilize highly specific weak interactions (e.g.hydrogen bonding interaction, hydrophobic interaction, etc.) to solve the problems of biomolecule interactions; the third is that the biomolecules in nature are often chiral molecules and show high preference for one specific enantiomorphous configuration, suggesting a distinctive chiral recognition mechanism in biological systems. These features bring much inspiration to design novel biointerface materials with special functionalities, e.g. structural biointerface materials, smart biointerface materials and chiral biointerface materials. The purpose of this critical review is to give a brief introduction of recent advances in these aspects (90 references).

Precise-synthesis strategies and integration approaches of bioinspired PEI-based systems, and their biomedical, biotechnology and biomaterial applications.

Chiral phenomena are ubiquitous in nature from macroscopic to microscopic, including the high chirality preference of small biomolecules, special steric conformations of biomacromolecules induced by it, as well as chirality-triggered biological and physiological processes. The introduction of chirality into the study of interface interactions between materials and biological systems leads to the generation of chiral biointerface materials, which provides a new platform for understanding the chiral phenomena in biological system, as well as the development of novel biomaterials and devices. This critical review gives a brief introduction to the recent advances in this field. We start from the fabrication of chiral biointerface materials, and further investigate the stereo-selective interaction between biological systems and chiral interface materials to find out key factors governing the performance of such materials in given conditions, then introduce some special functionalities and potential applications of chiral biointerface materials, and finally present our own thinking about the future development of this area (108 references).