Background: Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is not the same as occupational activity. Various factors influence both forms of physical activity, including job stress and job satisfaction, but the associations found are weak, and the need for new studies in large populations is emphasized. The objective was to study the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction, and the relationship between these and occupational and leisure-time physical activity according to the National Survey of Health 2017. Methods: A population-based study of 8716 workers between 18 and 65 years of age. The variables age, sex, leisure, and occupational-time physical activity (OTPA), educational level, type of occupation, job stress level, and job satisfaction were collected. A simple and multiple correspondence analysis was performed between the variables that reached statistical significance. Results: 4621 cases (53.02%) correspond to men with a mean age of 44.83 years (SD 10.22) and 4095 cases to women with a mean age of 44.55 years (SD 10.23). Women had higher percentages of higher education (p < 0.001), intermediate to high occupations and unskilled (p < 0.001), job stress (p < 0.001), covered the most extreme levels of satisfaction (p = 0.003), and do less LTPA (p < 0.001) and OTPA (p < 0.001). Also, in women a relationship was found between job stress and LTPA (p = 0.024), as well as between satisfaction and both forms of physical activity (OTPA p = 0.013 and LTPA p < 0.001). In men, significance was only reached in the relationship between job stress and OTPA (p <0.001). Conclusions. The higher the job stress, the less the job satisfaction, but the relationship is reversed in the intermediate categories. For both sexes, job stress is related to a sedentary lifestyle and higher employment and education levels. Higher levels of satisfaction correspond to higher levels of occupancy. The relationship between job satisfaction and educational level is direct in women but inverse in men. In women, there is a relationship between sedentary occupations and job satisfaction. In addition, intense physical activity at work is related to higher levels of job stress, lower satisfaction levels, and less physical activity in leisure-time.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of low-load blood flow restriction training (LL-BFRT) on muscle anabolism and thrombotic biomarkers compared with the effects of traditional LL training and to analyse the changes in these biomarkers in the short and medium term (acute/immediate and after at least 4 weeks of the training programme, respectively). A search was conducted in the following electronic databases from inception to 1 March 2024: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PEDro, Science Direct, CINHAL, and Scopus. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 256 healthy older adults (mean (min–max) age 68 (62–71) years, 44.53% female). The outcome measures were muscle anabolism biomarkers and thrombosis biomarkers. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to compare the outcomes reported by the studies. The overall meta-analysis showed that LL-BFRT produces a large increase in muscle anabolism biomarkers compared with traditional LL training (eight studies; SMD = 0.88 [0.39; 1.37]) and compared with a passive control (four studies; SMD = 0.91 [0.54; 1.29]). LL-BFRT does not produce an increase in thrombotic biomarkers compared with traditional LL training (four studies; SMD = −0.02 [−0.41; 0.36]) or compared with a passive control (two studies; SMD = 0.20 [−0.41; 0.80]). The increase in muscle anabolism biomarkers was large after applying a single session (four studies; SMD = 1.29 [0.18; 2.41]) and moderate after applying a training programme (four studies; SMD = 0.58 [0.09; 1.06]). In conclusion, LL-BFRT increases muscle anabolism biomarkers to a greater extent than traditional LL training (low-quality evidence) or a passive control (moderate-quality evidence) in healthy older adults. This superior anabolic potential of LL-BFRT compared with LL training is sustained in the short to medium term. LL-BFRT is a safe training methodology for older adults, showing moderate-quality evidence of no increase in thrombotic biomarkers compared with traditional LL training.

Introduction: Women experience more social barriers, gender stereotypes, biases, and discrimination than men, which can increase their vulnerability to mental health problems. Therefore, it is essential to adopt a gender perspective in research on nursing students, examining the impact of these factors on their well-being and psychological resources like resilience. This study aims to analyze the relationship between gender roles in resilience and positive or negative affect among female nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with first- and fourth-year female nursing students at a public university in Madrid, Spain. Sociodemographic variables, positive and negative affect (PANAS scale), resilience (CD-RISC scale), and gender roles (BRSI inventory) were analyzed. ANOVA, correlation analysis, and linear regression models were used to study the relationships between variables. Results: The study included 338 students with a mean age of 21.43 years, of which 80.2% had a high level of resilience, with a positive affect score of 31.96 (SD: 7.34) and a negative affect score of 22.99 (SD: 7.35). Overall, 48.5% had undifferentiated roles, 23.7% feminine roles, 14.2% androgynous roles, and 13.6% masculine roles. Female students with masculine and androgynous roles showed higher resilience levels (93.48% and 97.92%) compared to those with feminine and undifferentiated roles (81.25% and 70.73%) (p < 0.001). Female students with androgynous and masculine roles showed higher positive affect levels compared to those with feminine and undifferentiated roles (p < 0.001), with no differences in negative affect. These results were observed in both first- and fourth-year students. A high correlation was found between masculine roles and positive affect and resilience in both first- and fourth-year students. Conclusions: Gender roles influence positive affect and resilience in females. Among female nursing students, androgynous and masculine roles are associated with higher levels of resilience and positive affect compared to feminine and undifferentiated roles. Differences in psychological well-being may be related to socially constructed gender roles rather than biological sex, with masculine roles enhancing resilience and feminine roles correlating with greater vulnerability.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the differential cardiovascular risk profile among university professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1,483 workers from a public university in Madrid. Sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and cardiovascular risk factors were collected. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk were calculated using the SCORE2 system. The workers were classified according to their professional category (faculty vs. administrative personnel), sex, or type of contract (government employees vs. non-government employees). Multinomial logistic regression was conducted with the variables professional category, physical activity (PA), and SCORE2. Findings: The calculated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was lower in women than in men (3.00 ± 1.91 vs. 4.06 ± 2.26; p < .001), higher in the administrative personnel than in the faculty (3.82 ± 2.10 vs. 3.20 ± 2.18; p < .001), and lower in the non-government employees compared to the government employees (3.21 ± 2.05 vs. 3.83 ± 2.22; p < .001). The group that engaged in less PA was the administrative personnel non-government employees. The regression model results corroborate the hypothesis that administrative personnel government employees and non-government employees as well as faculty non-government employees, are at a higher risk of physical inactivity than faculty government employees. Furthermore, the data indicates that administrative personnel government employees are at an elevated cardiovascular risk. Conclusion/Applications to Practice: It is essential to consider the professional category and the type of contract to assess cardiovascular risk in university workers. It is recommended that strategies be implemented to promote PA among university professionals.

Objective: This study examines the relationship between overweight/obesity and sociodemographic, lifestyle variables, and work-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 7302 full-time employees was conducted. Results: Men had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than women. Explanatory risk models, adjusted for age, sex, and physical activity, identified age, male sex, low physical activity, ex-smoking status, moderate to high meat consumption, high cured meat consumption, and high sugary drink consumption as associated factors for overweight/obesity. Over time, surveys revealed a decrease in physical activity, increased alcohol consumption, and more rotating and night shifts. Despite these changes, the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity remained unchanged. Conclusions: Older men are at a higher risk of overweight and obesity, with key factors including low physical activity, ex-smoking status, and high consumption of meat, cured meat, and sugary drinks.

Physical activity's established health benefits include pain control, yet there is no consensus on the required dosage according to the literature. To test the influence of exercise on perceived health in patients whose daily activities are limited due to pain. Besides, analyze the possible moderating effect of age and find a formula for exercise dosage based on the perceived level of health. Cross-sectional study based on the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey with 4,123 participants reporting activity limitations in their daily activities due to pain. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) was used to calculate energy expenditure. Data included age, sex, leisure-time physical activity, sitting time, pain-related impairments, pain medication, and perceived health. Mediation regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS PROCESS 4.0 macro. Results indicate a decline in perceived health with age. The relationship between exercise (energy expenditure) and perceived health was highly significant (d=-0.224, p<0.001). Age moderated the association between pain and energy expenditure up to 75.61 years (0.1568, p=0.05) and between energy expenditure and perceived health up to 75.74 years (-0.289, p=0.05), but this effect diminished afterwards. A formula was developed to estimate energy expenditure based on the desired level of health. The perception of health in people who are limited in their daily activities due to pain (moderate to very much) is mediated by the amount of physical activity they perform. Besides, this perception is moderated by age, up to 76 years.