The Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a renowned FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission system) device used in power grids to cope with protean conditions. This article provides a comprehensive bibliographic review of various aspects of STATCOM developed over the last 16 years. The paper includes a detailed study presenting different models, test systems, and results of various researches. The study covers the modelling, control technology, stability, optimal location, applications, and installation of STATCOM. The modelling of STATCOM is diverse and include various models such as voltage source converters, software-based models, load flow models, pulse width modulation, and modular multilevel converters. The control technology includes a PI/PID controller, fuzzy-based, feedback controller, model predictive controller, sliding mode controller, and miscellaneous controller based on different schemes, algorithms, and controllers. In studying the stability analysis, all stability aspects such as steady-state stability, dynamic stability, and transient stability are considered for the stability analysis. The genetic algorithm, heuristic algorithm, probabilistic technique and branch and bound approach are mainly used for the optimal placement of STATCOM as described in the available research paper. Various applications of STATCOM in power system are identified such as optimal power flow, voltage stability, voltage fluctuation mitigation, fault analysis and total harmonic distortion. This paper, also mentions the current installation of STATCOM is also mentioned with their different locations such as China (2018), and Canada (2019). The current functions of STATCOM still have many limitations. So there is still a lot of room for improvement. This paper will help the researcher finding the reference of a particular topic of interest in different aspects of STATCOM. The finding of different sections of the paper can help the researchers to develop new ideas and work on different prospective of the device.

In this paper, we proposed a home energy management system (HEMS) that includes photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicle (EV), and energy storage systems (ESS). The proposed HEMS fully utilizes the PV power in operating domestic appliances and charging EV/ESS. The surplus power is fed back to the grid to achieve economic benefits. A novel charging and discharging scheme of EV/ESS is presented to minimize the energy cost, control the maximum load demand, increase the battery life, and satisfy the user’s-traveling needs. The EV/ESS charges during low pricing periods and discharges in high pricing periods. In the proposed method, a multi-objective problem is formulated, which simultaneously minimizes the energy cost, peak to average ratio (PAR), and customer dissatisfaction. The multi-objective optimization is solved using binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO). The results clearly show that it minimizes the operating cost from 402.89 cents to 191.46 cents, so that a reduction of 52.47% is obtained. Moreover, it reduces the PAR and discomfort index by 15.11% and 16.67%, respectively, in a 24 h time span. Furthermore, the home has home to grid (H2G) capability as it sells the surplus energy, and the total cost is further reduced by 29.41%.

Power system inter-area oscillations curtail the power transferring capabilities of the transmission lines in a large interconnected power system. Accurate identification of dominant modes and associated contributing generators is important to avoid power system failures by taking appropriate remedial measures. This paper proposes a multi-channel Improved Dynamic Mode Decomposition (IDMD) algorithm-based modal analysis technique using Synchrophasors measurement. First, a reduced-order dynamic power system model is estimated and using this model dominant oscillation modes, corresponding modes shapes, damping ratio, coherent group of generators, participation factors are determined. To improve the accuracy data stacking technique is used to capture detailed information of the system. An optimal hard threshold technique is utilized to select the most optimal model order to avoid uncertainties due to the presence of high level of measurement noise. The study results show that the proposed algorithm gives an accurate and robust solution even in systems having high level of noise in the measurement data. The performance of the proposed technique is tested on simulated data from two-area four-machine system and wNAPS 41-bus 16-generator system with PMU measurements corrupted with different levels of measurement noise. To further strengthen the viewpoint, the proposed method is validated on real-time PMU measurement from ISO New England data to validate the accuracy of the proposed work.

Large interconnected power systems are usually subjected to natural oscillation (NO) and forced oscillation (FO). NO occurs due to system transient response and is characterized by several oscillation modes, while FO occurs due to external perturbations driving generation sources. Compared to NO, FO is considered a more severe threat to the safe and reliable operation of power systems. Therefore, it is important to locate the source of FO so corrective actions can be taken to ensure stable power system operation. In this paper, a novel approach based on two-step signal processing is proposed to characterize FO in terms of its frequency components, duration, nature, and the location of the source. Data recorded by the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in a Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) is utilized for analysis. As PMU data usually contains white noise and appears as multi-frequency oscillatory signal, the first step is to de-noise the raw PMU data by decomposing it into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) using Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN) technique. The most appropriate IMF containing the vital information is selected using the correlation technique. The second step involves various signal processing and statistical analysis tools such as segmented Power Spectrum Density (PSD), excess kurtosis, cross PSD etc. to achieve the desired objectives. The analysis performed on the simulated two-area four-machine system, reduced WECC-179 bus 29 machine system, and the real-time power system PMU data set from ISO New England, demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed approach is independent of complex network topologies and their characteristics, and is also robust against measurement noise usually contained in PMU data.

The tremendous growth in photovoltaic installation around the world poses several power quality concerns. One of the major concerns is a harmonic injection into the grid whose extent depends on the level of PV penetration. Harmonic injections beyond certain limits introduce some negative effects such as malfunctioning of protective devices, reducing power system reliability. Therefore, its analysis is one of the most important aspects for the safe and reliable operation of the modern distribution system. For this, analysis of harmonic behaviour at PCC under different PV penetration levels is carried out to establish the relationship between them. Several measurements have been taken at PCC with varying PV penetration in a 3 MW ground-mounted solar PV plant at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. These measurements include harmonic components of voltage and current by using a fluke II power quality analyser, and the results are compared with the limits imposed by the standards.