Objectives:To find the differences between treatment decisions of lower impacted third molars among experts of oral and maxillofacial surgery according to panoramic radiographic and CBCT findings.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 62 panoramic radiographs and CBCT of lower third molars evaluated for treatment decisions by 9 independent experts of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Results:Differences in interpretation of the panoramic radiography were found between surgeons. The absence of radiological signs suspected for risk to the inferior alveolar nerve lead to the decision of extraction according to panoramic radiography without CBCT (p < 0.01). The presence of those signs lead to referral to CBCT by surgeons before treatment but did not change their decision.Conclusions:Treatment decision for surgical treatment of the lower third molar can be accepted without CBCT findings. The use of CBCT is popular before extraction of lower third molars. We found that it has a little effect on the treatment decision...

Yifat Manor, DMD/Adi Alkasem, DMD/Ofer Mardinger, DMD/Gavriel Chaushu, DMD, MSc/Ronit Bar-Ness Greenstein, PhD: Purpose: To determine the level of bacterial contamination in immediate implantation or augmentation sites vs pristine bone, before and after saline rinses. Materials and Methods: Bacterial samples were taken from fresh extraction sites (17 patients) and pristine bone (15 patients) before performing implant dentistry surgical procedures. Levels of bacterial contamination were estimated before and after saline rinses. Samples from the socket were placed on an agar plate for total bacterial account and on selective plates for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis counts. Results: The level of bacterial contamination before saline rinse was 1.2 ? 10⁴ units of bacterial colony (CFU)/mL in fresh extraction sites (study group) and 5 ? 10² CFU/mL in pristine bone sites (control group). After a saline rinse, the bacterial level was lowered significantly to 5.2 ? 10³ CFU/mL in the study group and to zero in the control group (P < .05). Levels of bacterial contamination were higher in the mandibular sockets (7.5 ? 10³ CFU/ml) than in the maxillary sockets (5.6 ? 10³ CFU/mL), and the difference was statistically significant (P = .034). All implanted/augmented fresh or pristine sites survived in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Fresh extraction sockets with clinical signs of infection show bacterial presence. Pristine bone shows a lower bacterial level. Saline rinse in addition to a decontamination protocol may reduce the level of bacterial contamination significantly both in fresh extraction sites and pristine bone.