The article gives the estimation of the convergence-divergence indicators of development of innovative and technological processes in circumpolar countries. The processes of convergence - divergence of innovative and technological processes were studied in eight countries of the Arctic Council - Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the United States of America on the basis of statistical information from 1985 to 2015. As the indicators, measuring innovative and technological processes, the following one were considered: the number of patents issued, the expenditures on technological innovations, the payments of funds for the import of technology, the cash inflow from the export of technology. To analyze the convergence-divergence of innovative and technological processes the methods of the σ - convergence, the absolute β convergence and the conditional β - convergence were used. Using the method of the conditional β - convergence, we analyzed the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and government expenditure on the fundamental research and development (average value of FDI for the period; the average value of government expenditure over the period).

The article presents the approach to modelling the global natural gas market. As endogenous variables of the model, evaluating the world market, three variables are selected: world exports, world natural gas production, world market natural gas price. As exogenous variables in the model the following are selected: world natural gas imports; world proven natural gas reserves; global demand for natural gas; gas segment employment; global liquefied natural gas prices; the cost of transporting gas; investments in the gas segment; gas production by the OPEC countries. The article proposes the methodology of creating econometric models of the natural gas market and describes the provisions for the modeling procedure. The model of the natural gas market consists of three interdependent econometric equations, each of which is autoregressive distributed lags model (ADL-model). The article presents the structural form of the system of econometric equations in which one equation has more than one endogenous variable. The transition from structural form to reduced form of a system of econometric equations is demonstrated. In the reduced form each equation has only one endogenous variable. The testing of the system of econometric equations is performed. The article presents the solution of the system of econometric equations. The results of the model solution are used to predict world exports, world natural gas production, world market natural gas prices until 2030.

The main areas and developmental prospects of nuclear technologies used in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation are considered in the article. The main directions of the key Russian nuclear research centres and development are discussed. An analysis of advanced nuclear research and development aimed at the development of the Arctic is carried out. The following advanced technologies applicable in the Russian Arctic were described in the article: low-power nuclear power plants; an autonomous automated nuclear power plant for the power supply of subsea and sub-ice drilling and oil and gas production complexes on the shelf of the Arctic seas; a transportable nuclear power plant with a VBER-300 reactor facility based on a stationary ice-resistant platform for power supply of the gas production and processing centres in the Arctic; a system of autonomous power supply of the remote control centre of the prospective hydrocarbon deposit of the Arctic shelf on the basis of an autonomous nuclear power unit; nuclear power modules for power supply of subsea and sub-ice facilities of the Arctic offshore fields; a nuclear subsea gas pumping station; the atomic icebreaker project 10510 – "Leader". Conclusions about priority areas of development for nuclear technologies in the Russian Arctic are formulated.

The article considers issues of global LNG production capacities. A brief description of the dynamics of global LNG trade is given and changing the structure of global energy consumption is considered. The analysis of the global dynamics of LNG production capacities is presented, as well as the regional structure of LNG capacities. Production capacities in the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, countries of Africa, America, as well as Russia and Norway are researched and analyzed in details. The paper also discusses the depreciation of LNG capacities, depletion of the resource base of LNG projects, development of floating LNG projects, geopolitical risks for LNG projects, the impact of environmental regulation, and changes in the capital costs structure of LNG projects.

This article systematizes scientific views on the problems associated with the conditions and patterns of creating a digital model of a sophisticated engineering and technical complex. The main elements of a digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform are considered. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the essence of the subject space of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is substantiated on the basis of modeling the subject space of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform using alternative graphs and information technologies. New concepts have been introduced into scientific circulation that reveal the essence of a digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform: life cycle cost, life cycle duration, and the scientific and technical level of the offshore oil and gas platform. The main provisions of the concept of the virtual life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform are considered. Based on modeling the subject area of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform by alternative graphs, is shown the relationship between the stages of the life cycle. The technology of model-based design of the virtual life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is proposed. The developed model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform based on the display of the life cycle by alternative graphs makes it possible to choose solutions for each stage based on criteria common to the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform. A cyclic procedure for managing a virtual life cycle model of an offshore oil and gas platform has been developed. The digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is constantly updated following the change in physical prototypes, which increases the accuracy of decisions based on it. The application of the model in practice will significantly reduce the number of full-scale tests of everything related to the manufacture of the real material part of a platform.

Small modular reactor technologies and social, economic, and technological aspects of their application in the Russian Arctic are considered in the article. An overview of the key factors influencing an implementation of small modular reactor plants in remote regions with a decentralized power grid is presented. The main directions of small modular reactor design activities of the key Russian centers of atomic research and development are given. An overview of current Russian small modular reactor technologies including pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, reactors installed on floating nuclear power plants, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, and liquid metal cooled reactor is conducted. Economic, social, ecological, and digital aspects of applications of small modular reactor in the Russian Arctic are considered. A detailed survey of areas of small modular reactor application including extractive, processing, industrial energy-intensive facilities, and power and heat supply of cities is also given. The importance of digital twins of small modular as an essential element in the development and maintenance of complex engineering products and industrial facilities throughout the entire life cycle is discussed in the article. Conclusions about key advantages and prospects of an application of small modular reactors in the Russian Arctic are made.