The results of research on the influence of the 1.2/50 µs (8/20 µs) surge impulse on the reliability of commercial LED lamps are presented in the paper. For two types of lamps, differing in the declared warranty period, tests were carried out in which it was determined how the impulse of 1.2/50 µs (8/20 µs) is propagated in their supply systems. During the tests, the effects it causes on the critical levels and how its level influences the probability of failure of the tested lamp were examined. These solutions are currently being used in mass production of LED lamps and are characteristic of budget devices. Sensitivity tests were conducted for a group of 150 lamps divided evenly into 10 batches. The tests were carried out in accordance with the standards of EN 61000-4-5: 2014 and EN 61547: 2009 with one exception: the impulse level was not limited to the 0.5 kV recommended in EN 61547: 2009 for this class of components, but increased to a value that leads to permanent damage. These tests allowed us to determine the margin from the value specified in the standard to the sensitivity of the tested lamps on this type of disturbance.

The results of work in the field of analysis of the distribution of electromagnetic fields generated by the antenna of an RFID reader operating in the UHF frequency band have been presented in this paper. The carried-out tests concern the efficiency of obtaining energy from the field of an electromagnetic RFID reader. To analyze the distribution of the electric field strength, the calculation procedures were elaborated on the basis of the developed mathematical dependencies in the MathCad program. The developed numerical procedures enable the synthesis of the electric field strength and power density distribution for a given antenna radiation pattern, for any suspension heights of the transmit and receive antennas and any mutual distance between them. In order to verify the correctness of calculations the test stands and measurements were made for a model antenna. The measurements were carried out in a semi-anechoic chamber.

The Internet of Things (IoT) localization empowers smart infrastructures of buildings to deliver advanced services to users leveraging mobile devices. In this context, in order to enhance the mobility of people with disabilities on the university campus, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon-based indoor system was developed. Particular emphasis was placed on selection of the beacon for the designed application, which was performed on the basis of the energy demand characteristics at the assumed power settings and time intervals of the emitted signal. The paper also focuses on various concepts of transmitter deployment inside buildings of the campus in order to demonstrate possible configurations in which the IoT localization will work correctly. Based on experimental determination of the signal strength reaching users’ mobile devices, the best arrangement of the system was proposed. However, the dependence of the calculated distance between the interrogated beacon and the mobile device as a function of the received signal strength is a non-deterministic function of many factors; thus, only an approximate position can be designated on the performed measurements. Nevertheless, the BLE beacon-based system, supported by additional localization algorithms integrated into the user’s mobile software, can be useful for the applications in question.

The results of our research devoted to efficiency measurements of energy harvesting from tele-transmission systems featuring examples of model autonomous semi-passive RFID identifiers have been presented in this paper. The selected harvester systems were tested in different systems and circuit configurations to determine of energy harvesting conditions. The appropriate laboratory stand was designed and constructed for investigations in accordance with real-world electromagnetic conditions. The obtained results made it possible to determine the dependence of harvester output voltage in selected applications (operation mode, localization related to the energy source) as well as the minimum power threshold required for identifier operations in the environment. The real energy balance was also established, which is highly useful for configuring identifier parameters and optimizing the operation mode to achieve the best energy harvesting from the electromagnetic environment.

The comparison of the results obtained using two methods for measuring the radio disturbance emissions produced by compact lighting drivers in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz has been presented in this paper. Any electrical and electronic equipment used within the EU must comply with Directive 2014/30/EC and harmonised standards. For lighting equipment, the dedicated standard is EN-IEC 55015:2019-11E. In this standard, for tests in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz, two equivalent test methods are allowed for lighting drivers, i.e., the traditional method in which disturbance emissions are measured in a semianechoic chamber SAC and the alternative CDNE (Coupling Decoupling Network Emission) method. Each method is characterised by a different measurement technique. For this reason, this paper aims to compare the results obtained by the two methods and to find out whether the CDNE and SAC methods, despite the difference in measurement technique, can be considered equivalent. The theoretical part of this study presents the results of an analysis of the literature on the subject and the technical aspects of measuring disturbance emission using both measurement methods. The practical part describes the construction of measurement stands for selected LED lamps and presents the measurement results and their statistical analysis.

The paper focuses on the synthesis of semi-passive RFID transponders-sensors that are intended to integrate with active glazing units with built-in photovoltaic cells. The main purpose of the designed construction of the UHF RFID device is to provide diagnostic information in the monitoring system of a photovoltaic micro-power plant. Furthermore, the RFID sensor is aimed at being implemented at various stages of the product life cycle: production, distribution, storage, installation, common operation, service/maintenance and disposal. In the presented research work, particular attention is paid to several aspects of the RFID sensor synthesis: use of the energy, generated periodically in the PV cells, to power the monitoring device that has to act permanently; specification of the PV module parameters that have to be monitored in the diagnostic process; implementation of data acquisition and energy management models in an electrical circuit; wireless data transfer to the master unit (monitoring host), even in the absence of power supply (e.g., module damage, blackout), using a standardized communication protocol IEC 18000-63 used in the RFID technology; and the design of the antenna system taking into consideration limitations of electronic technology and the material properties of substrates and glasses used in PV modules and RFID sensors. Based on the results of the investigations, the modular structure of the RFID sensor demonstrator is proposed. Moreover, several diagnostic scenarios are analyzed in detail. On the basis of the provided considerations, it is shown that in order to find a malfunctioning component, it is enough to compare the voltages on the photovoltaic modules that are in the close vicinity.