Method verification for metal analysis (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, and Mn) in surface water using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) was carried out to evaluate the method’s performance in the laboratory-based on US Method EPA 200.7. The verified method is used to determine the metal content in river water flowing in Bandar Lampung. The results showed that the method used had good linearity with a regression coefficient of more than 0.995. This method’s accuracy is expressed by the %RSD (relative standard deviation), which is in the range of 3.145 to 4.345% and meets the acceptance requirements with a %RSD value less than ⅔ CV Horwitz. The method accuracy obtained from the spiking analysis gives a range of 80-110% for the analysis of 1 mg/L and meets the acceptability required by AOAC. Overall, the performance of the method used is suitable for the analysis of metals in surface water. This method was applied for metal analysis in river water samples in several places in Bandar Lampung, which were the Palang Besi river (A1), the Way Balau Kedamaian river (B1), the Way Balau Kedaton river (C1), the Way Kuala river (D1), the Sumur Batu Kahuripan river (E1), Sumur Putri river (F1), and Muara Kahuripan river (G1). The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Co metals were under the LoD method, while the Mn concentration was above the LoD method in river water samples.

Polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) is a method for separating liquid membranes into thin, stable, and flexible film forms. In this study, the PIM was made using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dibenzyl ether (DBE), and 4% copoly-eugenol divinyl benzene (co-EDVB) as a supporting polymer, plasticizer, and carrier compound, respectively. Furthermore, a phenol transport test was carried out using the parameters of pH influence, the effect of NaOH concentration, and transport time. The PIM membrane was also evaluated using the parameters affecting the concentration of plasticizer, the effect of salt concentration, and the lifetime of the PIM membrane. The results show that the optimum pH obtained to transport phenol to the receiving phase was 5.5, with a concentration of 0.1 M of the NaOH receiving phase and a transport time of 72 h. Furthermore, it was found that the use of plasticizers and salts affected the ability and resistance of the membranes. The membrane lifetime increased up to 60 days with the addition of 0.1 M NaNO₃ or NaCl salt in the source phase.

In this study, the distribution and source identification of sedimentary PAHs from 13 rivers running through Jakarta City were investigated. Freeze-dried sediment samples were extracted by pressurized fluid extraction and purified by two-step of column chromatography. PAHs were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). High concentrations of PAHs, ranging from 1992 to 17635 ng/g-dw, were observed at all sampling locations. Ratios of alkylated PAHs to parent PAHs exhibited both petrogenic and pyrogenic signatures with predominantly petrogenic inputs. High hopanne concentrations (4238-40375 ng/g dry sediment) supported the petrogenic input to Jakarta’s rivers. The high concentration of PAHs is indicator for organic micropollutant in the aquatic urban environment in Jakarta that may have the potential to cause adverse effect to the environment.

The widespread discharge of phenol into the environment has posed a threat to the environment. Phenol waste in the aquatic environment is mainly due to its involvement in various industries such as the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and wood product sectors. Recent studies have shown that industrial waste contains phenol in the concentration range of 2.8 to 6800 mg/L. The presence of phenol in water can cause bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, thus posing a risk to the food chain and human health through the consumption of phenol-contaminated seafood. Long-term exposure of humans to phenol-contaminated water causes health problems such as anorexia, progressive weight loss, and liver disorders. This emphasizes the importance of addressing and reducing phenol contamination to safeguard human health. Various treatment methods have been applied, including filtration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption. Among these, adsorption is widely used due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, with activated carbon as the most commonly used adsorbent. This study comprehensively reviews previous studies on agricultural waste-based activated carbon (palm shell, candlenut, and rubber) for phenolic compound removal. It examines characterization data (BET, XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR) and adsorption performance, aiming to provide recommendations of the most promising biomass for developing efficient activated carbon.

In this research, Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) was created using copoly-eugenol ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (co-EEGDMA) 10% as a carrier, dibenzyl ether (DBE) as a plasticizer, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the base polymer. Following that, the membrane was used in phenol transport...

Malachite green is a compound commonly used as a dye for silk, leather, wool, cotton, and paper. Additionally, malachite green is utilized as a bacterial stain in microscopic analysis of cells and tissues. This study explores the transport of malachite green using the 2% copolymer of eugenol-diallyl phthalate (Co-EDAF) with the Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) method. Several parameters influencing the transport of malachite green were investigated, including the pH of the source phase, HNO3 concentration in the receiving phase, PIM membrane thickness, and transport duration. The PIMs were prepared by dissolving the carrier 2% Co-EDAF, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and dibenzyl ether (DBE) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The concentration of malachite green after transport was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 613 nm. The results showed that the PIM with 2% Co-EDAF effectively transported malachite green with an efficiency of 91.30% under optimal conditions: source phase pH of 9, HNO3 concentration of 0.75 M, PIM membrane thickness at T54, and transport duration of 18 hours.