To adapt to current changes, such as globalization, climate change, and demographic growth, modern cities must embrace the digitalization of city management. In this paper, we examine a concept for digitalizing a city based on Rotterdam’s digital twin showcase. Data-processing frameworks for different sources of data are presented. Security risks and the potential of smart cities for military usage are discussed. Lastly, using an example of available datasets for air quality and public lighting consumption, functions of the Rotterdam digital twin are compared with the Brno city digital platform. It was found that every city has its approach to digitalization, and it is probably impossible to unify every city’s digitalization process. This means that the digitalization of the city is very individual. Both systems in their current form make it possible to visualize the collected data about the city. So far, however, these systems do not use advanced functions such as AI-assisted decision-making and prediction of various events in the city. Even so, they are a source of very interesting data that can be used by third parties.

BACKGROUND: This paper discusses a special kind of a sensory illusion—the Giant Hand illusion—that was experienced during an exercise on a flight simulator equipped with a VR headset. In the first part we describe spatial disorientation and the function of the vestibular apparatus during flight and its consequences. In this part, the sensory illusion simulator used for the experiment is mentioned. In the second part we describe the simulator and test flight. In the third part we discuss data retrieved during simulator flights that are important for explaining the Giant Hand illusion.CASE REPORT: A well-trained pilot experienced the Giant Hand illusion while executing instrument flight rules flight on a simulator. The Giant Hand illusion was detected from the simulation data and confirmed by the pilot afterward.DISCUSSION: The Giant Hand illusion is a rare type of sensory illusion. The pilot falsely evaluated the situation as a malfunction of the aircraft controls. If the pilot had not been informed by the operator that he might have been influenced by the illusion, he would probably have crashed the simulated aircraft. An unrecognized Giant Hand illusion during a flight can lead to fatal consequences. This case report shows the symptoms and data that can be used for early recognition of this type of illusion.Frantis P, Petru A. The Giant Hand illusion experienced on a simulator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(6):557–562.

This paper deals with the design of an autopilot based on a set of fuzzy controllers. The model of the aircraft that the autopilot controls is defined as a model with 6 degrees of freedom, where the inputs to this model are the settings of the engine thrust (DX), rudder rotation (Dl) and elevators (Dm and Dn). The fuzzy controllers are of the Mamdani type, where the set of parameters defining the controller allow the derivation of membership functions of the input variables and membership functions of the output variables. The parameters of fuzzy controllers are determined by the optimization process. For the purpose of optimization, a fitness function is defined, which derives the simulation parameters from its parameter (vector), and the simulation subsequently performed and evaluated determines whether it is a feasible solution in addition the value of this solution. By this optimization process, the sub-optimal solution is found and is then used to define the settings of the fuzzy controllers and, therefore, the autopilot. This paper contains a description of each step of the solution of the described problem, and with the help of the obtained results, it is determined that the presented procedure allows us to find an autopilot capable of controlling the defined model of the aircraft. In addition, there is a brief description regarding the misconceptions explored during the development of the experiment.

This paper deals with the design and architecture of the low cost multipurpose flight visualization system (MFVS). The MFVS system was originally developed as a passive IFR approach system for general aviation small planes. A relatively high adaptability is one of the main advantages. It can be easily used with many types of avionics devices. The GPS/INS system is used as the primary data source. The data from the GPS/INS system are preprocessed by proprietary neural network unit that feeds the 3D visualization system. The neural network unit is responsible for adaptation of this system and can eliminate problems caused by data delays and data dropouts. The 3D visualization unit processes data from the neural network unit and eventually from the 6DOF tracker that is placed on the pilot's HMD (head mounted display). The unit then generates a 3D view of the surrounding environment that is similar to the 3D environment the pilot knows from flight simulators. The source of environment data is the terrain and object/obstacle database. The image output can be displayed on HUD, MFD or HMD

The paper explores the extraction of structured information from the social network Instagram through a suitable application programming interface, namely the unofficial Instagram Private API. It focuses on creating a computer program that identifies which posts a user has tagged as "Likes" and then stores this information for profiling specific user profiles. The introduction of the paper highlights the general use of social media in modern society and the importance of personal data for these platforms. It specifies the aim of the study, which is to extract information from Instagram and then analyse it for user profiling. It then describes the evolution of the social network Instagram and key features such as different types of posts. This paper further focuses on the solution and implementation by using Python programming language to minimize the load on Instagram servers and reduce the risk of detection of automated processes. It describes the process of setting up new Instagram accounts, the obstacles in obtaining login credentials, and the need to simulate human behaviour to bypass the network's defence mechanisms. It then focuses on the actual retrieval of information such as the users followed, their posts and information about which posts the user has marked as favourites. It mentions that extracting data from closed profiles is difficult and elaborates on the technical challenges associated with this task. A significant part of this paper is a discussion of Instagram's defence mechanisms that respond to automated computer programs. It describes access denial, account blocking, and identity verification prompts such as CAPTCHA tests. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the results obtained, which indicate the acquisition of approximately 90,000 records for user profiling. It discusses the shortcomings of a fully automated solution due to Instagram's account creation conditions and defence mechanisms. It mentions the need for further research and highlights key gaps and challenges in this area. Overall, the study highlights the technical and security challenges in extracting information from Instagram and emphasises the need for further research and improvements in the technical procedures for extracting data from the platform.

This paper presents a proof-of-concept integration of a national military command and control system with the Simulated Wargaming for Operational Readiness and Doctrine (SWORD) simulation platform to support faster evaluation of tactical courses of action during the military decision-making process. Rather than treating simulation as a separate specialist activity, the proposed solution embeds simulation-based analysis directly into the commander’s existing command and control workflow. This allows users to initiate scenario evaluation from a familiar operational interface, compare alternative courses of action, and receive timely feedback on unit status, logistics, and likely operational outcomes without switching to a separate simulation environment. The main contribution of the work is, therefore, not only the technical interoperability itself but also the operationalization of simulation as an accessible decision support capability for end users in time-constrained military planning. The paper describes the integration architecture, the supporting API and data exchange mechanisms, and the user-facing workflow enabled by the solution. The results show that the approach is feasible at the brigade level and has the potential to shorten decision support cycles, increase the number of alternatives that can be examined within a limited planning window, and strengthen human decision-making through simulation-based feedback.