در طول دو دهه گذشته، خسارت شب پره آسیایی گردو، Garella musculana (Erschoff, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) در اوراسیا افزایش یافته و آسیب‌های فراوانی روی گردو Juglans regia ایجاد کرده است. لارو آفت، آسیب زیادی به میوه جوان و شاخه درختان کشت شده و طبیعی گردو (J. regia ) وارد می‌کند. لاروها از نیمه اردیبهشت تا نیمه مرداد ماه در حال فعالیت و تغذیه از میوه دیده می‌شوند. در اواخر مرداد ماه، لاروها با خروج از میوه وارد مرحله شفیرگی شده تا چرخه زندگی را در سال آینده ادامه دهند. محل تشکیل شفیره، زیر پوستک‌ها‌ و در داخل شکاف درختان گردو، درون پیله‌های سفید می‌باشد. در این مطالعه، چرخه زندگی و میزان خسارت آفت، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. لارو آفت، پنج سن لاروی داشت و حدود 26/2 ± 1/67 روز طول کشید. مرحله شفیرگی در پیله‌ای سفید و متراکم‌ تشکیل شده که زمستان گذرانی می‌کند و پس از مساعد شدن هوا در بهار، حشرات بالغ ظاهر می‌شوند. میانگین مدت زندگی حشره، 45/4 ± 5/297 روز بود. حشره، تک نسلی است و لارو آن از پریکارپ گردوی جوان تغذیه می‌کند که در نتیجه، ظاهر میوه، تغییر شکل یافته و بدین ترتیب، فعالیت آفت باعث کاهش عملکرد قابل توجهی در اوایل پاییز می‌شود. برجای ماندن فضولات لارو روی پوسته، منجر به افت کیفیت گردو و در نتیجه کاهش ارزش...

Cole crops are globally consumed as vegetables and are important sources of our dietary requirements, but they are infested by an array of pests, specifically the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L). It is a critical global pest of cruciferous vegetable crops. We investigated the consequences of diverse cruciferous vegetables on the fitness of P. brassicae under laboratory conditions in 2021-22, to survive, develop, and reproduce under laboratory conditions, the extent of damage, and the report of the biocontrol agent, Cotesia glomerata (L). Under laboratory conditions, the effect of radish (Raphanus sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) on P. brassicae health were assessed by studying survival time, total development time, and mortality. Development time from hatching of eggs to adult emergence was longest on radish (32.6±0.84 days) and shortest on cabbage (25.0±1.41 days). In addition, the higher hatching percentage (96%), lower larval death, and higher yield of adults in cabbage indicated the fact of cabbage being the most appropriate food for P. brassicae. Life tables were dominant tools for analyzing and comprehending various aspects of an insect population's growth, survival, and reproduction. Furthermore, the crop loss was a function of pest population and the information on crop losses would serve as a guide for research programmes in crop improvement. The resistance to certain insecticides and the methods used to manage this insect pest on vegetable products in general required extensive research including biocontrol. We report the endoparasitoids C. glomerata (L) as a biocontrol agent against P. brassicae in district Rajouri which is the first record from the area which, therefore, warrants the essentiality of having a compact insect pest management plan that can relieve the dependency of destructive chemical control methods.

Walnut is one of the most important fruits, which has been defined as a "Superfood" in recent years. It is infected by a wide array of insect pests. Among these pests, the walnut weevil is a destructive one. Its adults feed on flowers and buds while its larvae feed inside the fruits and are extremely destructive in causing premature dropping. We report two generations of walnut weevil in a year and only a single larva per fruit. Adults emerge from the soil in April and feed on walnut leaf buds, petioles of leaves, and floral buds. Adult females lay 1-2 eggs on fruits, mainly in May and early June, hatch in 4.9±0.74 (SD) days and 4.5±0.97 days in the first and second generations. They develop through three instars and the total developmental time lies in the range of 46-55 days (49.1±2.51). The adults of the second generation undergo overwintering to avoid harsh environmental conditions. Comprehension of biology, life cycles, and the nature of damage aids in keeping track of specific insect pests at the proper time.