This paper aims to identify effective mechanisms for government poverty alleviation measures based on the livelihood sustainability of farm households in Southern Shaanxi province, China. The paper utilizes data from 414 farm households, collected through field observations and in-depth interviews in 24 rural communes in Qinba Mountain Area of Shaanxi province, China. Using theoretical research methods and employing the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) framework, this paper analyzes poverty alleviation measures as well as the impact of varied capital availability on sustainable livelihood. The study shows that developing local industries and governmental financial support improve the sustainable livelihood of farmers and eradicate absolute poverty. The findings of this study further indicate that there is a positive correlation between poverty alleviation measures and natural and social capital for sustainable livelihood. The paper provides empirical and quantitative evidence on alleviation of poverty, and the findings will help improve the sustainability of livelihood capability of farming households. This study suggests impactful approaches to stabilizing mechanisms for poverty alleviation in rural areas over the longer term.

The ability of the food industry to practice a high degree of corporate social responsibility is related to whether national food safety can be effectively guaranteed. By taking the food enterprises in China’s A-share listed companies from 2009–2018, this paper probes into the influence of China’s macroeconomic policy uncertainty on corporate social responsibility, and depicts the differencent impact of enterprise’s practice of social responsibility under government association and market association, respectively. The results firstly show that, the uncertainty of economic policy has a negative effect on the social responsibility of food enterprises, with a regression coefficient of -0.013. Secondly, nonstate-owned enterprises are more vulnerable to macroeconomic fluctuations in the practice of social responsibility. Thirdly, in the case of greater economic policy uncertainty, enterprises with stronger market connections in the food industry tend to be more conservative in their CSR. The above research results not only verify the path of transmission of economic policy uncertainty to corporate social responsibility, but also provide important ideas and references for improving the level of corporate social responsibility in the food industry and ensuring food safety.

Sustainable livelihoods are those that are able to cope with and recover from stress and shocks, and that maintain or strengthen livelihood capacity and livelihood capital, without damaging the foundations of the natural environment. In this paper, the IPHACT framework was constructed by improving the classic IPAT equation, and the key factors affecting production output and livelihood sustainability, as well as the factor differences among different livelihood strategy groups, were analyzed. We took 24 counties and districts of Ankang, Shangluo and Hanzhong in the Qin-Ba Mountain area of southern Shaanxi Province as examples, using a survey of farmers’ livelihood status and livelihood capital accounting. The results show that the amplification effect of population size on the environmental impact of livelihood output is widespread and generally significant. Both livelihood sustainability and livelihood benefit passed the significance test in the multi-model analysis, and the negative effect of livelihood sustainability proved the negative correlation between the environmental impact of livelihood output and livelihood sustainability, that is, the higher the livelihood output dependent on natural capital, the greater the environmental impact. The livelihood transformation of Hanzhong City is developing in the direction of reducing the environmental impact of livelihood output, and farmers have successfully practiced green livelihood transformation by changing their livelihood strategies. On the road to common prosperity, livelihood demand will inevitably increase. Reducing the dependence on natural capital is the key to effectively enhancing the sustainability of livelihoods.

As an important way to innovate the pattern of land reform, the land system pilots serve as the crucial driving force in promoting rural economic development under the background of rural revitalization. Based on the panel data of 10 pilots along the Yellow River basin, this paper chose 111 near and distant neighboring regions from 2009 to 2018. This paper tested the spillover effects and regional heterogeneity characteristics of the land system pilots using the propensity score matching-difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) method and regression discontinuity design (RDD). The results are as follows: first, the land system pilots have a significant and general impact on regional economic development; second, the establishment of the land system pilots has different impacts on the economic development of near and distant neighboring regions, which shows obvious policy-effect spillovers; and third, the land system pilots have the strongest stimulating effect on the economic development of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin, as well as the weakest stimulating effect on upstream regional economic development, which shows the significant spatial heterogeneity of policy effects. The results of the research study are of great significance for the exploration of regionally differentiated system-supply pilots under the background of rural revitalization. Additionally, this study has important implications for further land system improvements and rural economic developments.

Alleviating the fiscal difficulties of local governments and establishing a long‐term mechanism for grain production growth and farmers' income increase are key issues in safeguarding national food security. To address the deep‐seated contradictions that restrict agricultural development, the Chinese government has implemented a series of agricultural support measures. Among them, the Major Grain‐producing County Reward Policy is regarded as a representative vertical interest compensation mechanism. In terms of institutional design, this policy basically has the potential to solve the problem of interest losses in major grain‐producing counties arising from the externality of grain production and opportunity cost. However, its policy implementation effect and impact mechanism still need to be further clarified. Thus, this study takes the Major Grain‐producing Counties Reward Policy as an example and examines the effects of the policy through the perspectives of grain production and farmers' incomes. The research found that under the constraints of limited cultivated land area and worsening climate change, financial support serves as a crucial measure to alleviate food security issues. In particular, targeted fiscal incentives with clear eligibility criteria for local governments are conducive to stimulating their enthusiasm for ensuring grain production. Further, the reward policy can promote grain output growth by increasing grain yield per unit area, the level of agricultural mechanization, and the sown area of crops. This study helps to understand the response of local governments to fiscal transfer payments for grain production and the contribution of such transfer payments to food security, thereby providing empirical evidence for optimizing agricultural support policies in similar countries and regions.

Digitalization of education is an important breakthrough to open up a new pathway of education development and shape a new advantage of education transformation. This study takes the development of higher education and the digital transformation of education as the research object. First, using the Entropy Weight Method, the development level of higher education and the digitalization level of education in 31 provincial administrative regions in China are measured. Moreover, by calculating the coupling degree and coordination degree between the two through the Coupling Coordination Analysis Model, the advantages and disadvantages of educational digital transformation and higher education development in various provinces are revealed. Ultimately, it provides data support and decision-making basis for the formulation of policies and resource allocation related to educational digital transformation and high-quality development of higher education.