The modern energy-saving vector of development in building materials science is being implemented in a complex way through the development of new heat-insulating materials with the simultaneous exclusion of low-ecological cement from them. This article presents the results of the development of resource-saving technology for a heat-insulating composite material. The research is devoted to the development of scientific ideas about the technology and properties of effective cementless lightweight concretes. The aim of the work is to create a heat-insulating composite material based on porous granules and a matrix from mixtures of liquid glass and thermal energy waste. The novelty of the work lies in establishing the patterns of formation of a stable structure of a porous material during thermal curing of liquid glass with technogenic fillers. Studies of liquid glass mixtures with different contents of fly ash and aluminosilicate microspheres revealed the possibility of controlling the properties of molding masses in a wide range. To obtain a granular material, liquid glass mixtures of plastic consistency with a predominance of aluminosilicate microspheres are proposed. The matrix of composite materials is formed by a mobile mixture of liquid glass and a combined filler, in which fly ash predominates. The parameters of heat treatment of granular and composite materials are established to ensure the formation of a strong porous waterproof structure. The possibility of regulating the structure of composite materials due to different degrees of filling the liquid glass matrix with porous granules is shown. A heat-insulating concrete based on porous aggregate has been developed, characterized by the genetic commonality of the matrix and the granular component, density of 380–650 kg/m³, thermal conductivity of 0.095–0.100 W/(m °C) and strength of 3.5–9.0 MPa, resistance under conditions of variable values of humidity and temperature. A basic technological scheme for the joint production of granular and composite materials from liquid glass mixtures is proposed.

The article is devoted to the development of resource-saving technology of porous granular materials for energy-efficient construction. The relevance of the work for international research is to emphasize expanding the raw material base of porous lightweight concrete aggregates at the expense of technogenic and substandard materials. The work aims to study the processes of porization of glass crystalline granules from polymineral raw materials mixtures. The novelty of the work lies in the establishment of regularities of thermal foaming of glass crystalline granules when using waste of magnetic separation of skarn-magnetite (WMS) ores and lignite clay. Studies of liquid glass mixtures with various mineral fillers revealed the possibility of the formation of a porous structure with the participation of opoka, WMS and lignite clay. This is due to the presence in the materials of substances that exhibit thermal activity with the release of a gas phase. The foaming efficiency of the investigated materials increases when combined with glass breakage. The addition of WMS and lignite clay to the glass mixture increases the pore size in comparison with foam glass. The influence of the composition of raw mixtures on the molding and stability of granules is determined. The addition of sodium carbonate helps to strengthen the raw granules and reduce the softening temperature of the mass. The composition of the molding mixture of glass breakage, liquid glass and a multicomponent additive is developed, which provides an improvement in the molding properties of the glass mass, foaming of granules at a temperature of 750 °C. Foam glass crystalline granules have polymodal porosity, characterized by a density of 330–350 kg/m³, a compressive strength of 3.2–3.7 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 0.057–0.061 W/(m·°C). Accordingly, the developed granules have a high potential use in structural and heat-insulating concretes.

The article outlines the problem of accumulation of short-fibered waste generated during chipboard sawing. Intense impact on the material determines a high level of technological availability of wood waste. The research objective is to create magnesia composite materials for various purposes based on chipboard processing waste. Moulding sands containing caustic magnesite, fly ash, aluminosilicate ash microsphere, wood waste and magnesium chloride solution have been studied. Change in the ratio of moulding sands’ components provided production of finely dispersed composite material, and granules of cylindrical and spherical shapes. Composite materials of coarse-pored structure have been developed on the basis of magnesia granules and hybrid magnesia-ash binder. Combination of layers of finely dispersed and coarse-pored materials has been proposed to form composites of variotropic structure with density 780–840 kg/m³ and strength 9.7–11.9 MPa. Combined structures’ stability is achieved due to the high adhesive ability of magnesia binders and genetic commonality of various layers.

The results of studies of granular materials from magnesia compositions are presented. To obtain the compositions, fillers of various origins were used: sawdust, wheat husk, rubber and cork crumbs, ash microsphere. The formulations of molding mixtures that ensure the production of granules by the method of pelletizing are determined. The factors of influence on the strength of granules at various stages of the technological process are revealed. Methods for reducing the density of magnesia granular materials by combining various types of fillers and introducing a gas-forming agent are proposed. The use of caustic magnesite ensures reliable bonding of the filler particles in the granules. Features of hydrate formation of magnesia binders allows the use of low-temperature processing of raw granules. The expediency of increasing the temperature of the salt recluse to accelerate the hardening of the porous granules is shown. Magnesia granules with a bulk density of 400 – 500 kg/m3 were obtained. The work is aimed at creating a resource-saving technology of non-annealed granular aggregates for light concrete

The article presents the results of experimental studies of a composite material obtained on the basis of liquid glass and mineral fillers of technogenic origin. The structure of the composite material is formed by porous granules bonded with a liquid-glass matrix. The porous filler is synthesized from a mixture of liquid glass and combined filler (cullet, flake overburden, coal mining waste, and ash microsphere). Regulation of composition and content of the filler in the raw mixture ensures porous granules production with a bulk density of 270 – 330 kg/m3. Analysis of mathematical models reflecting the dependence of the density and strength of the composite material on the composition of the moulding mixture allowed us to establish a reasonable ratio between the liquid glass and the filler, the matrix, and the porous filler. Optimal proportions of the composite material are characterized by a density of 450 – 600 kg/m3and compressive strength of at least 5.5 MPa. Strong adhesion of the liquid-glass matrix to the surface of the porous filler ensures the resistance of the composite material to diverse effects. The structure of the materials was studied by electron microscopy. The development of composite material is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of construction.